Table 2.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Trachomatous Scarring Study Participants and Age-Adjusted Associations with Conjunctival Scarring
| Parameter | Cases N = 363 |
Controls N = 363 |
Age-Adjusted Association with Scarring |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 222 | (61.2) | 242 | (66.7) | 1.00 | – | |
| Male | 141 | (38.8) | 121 | (33.3) | 1.19 | 0.83–1.71 | 0.34 |
| Age (year groups) | 2.20⁎ | 1.94–2.50 | <0.001 | ||||
| 18–25 | 29 | (8.0) | 117 | (32.2) | |||
| 25–35 | 53 | (14.6) | 114 | (31.4) | |||
| 35–45 | 65 | (17.9) | 87 | (24.0) | |||
| 45–55 | 81 | (22.3) | 28 | (7.7) | |||
| 55–65 | 58 | (16.0) | 9 | (2.5) | |||
| > 65 | 77 | (21.2) | 8 | (2.2) | |||
| Age (yrs) [median, IQR] | 49.7 | 36.7–62.7 | 29.2 | 22.2–39.2 | |||
| Formal education† | 0.001 | ||||||
| None | 250 | (69.4) | 166 | (46.1) | 1.00 | – | – |
| 1–7 yrs | 106 | (29.4) | 177 | (49.2) | 0.57 | 0.40–0.81 | |
| > 7 yrs | 4 | (1.1) | 17 | (4.7) | 0.25 | 0.07–0.88 | |
| BMI‡ | 0.48 | ||||||
| Underweight | 55 | (15.3) | 30 | (8.4) | 1.39 | 0.79–2.44 | |
| Normal | 259 | (72.0) | 287 | (80.2) | 1.00 | – | – |
| Overweight/obese | 46 | (12.8) | 41 | (11.5) | 1.14 | 0.68–1.92 | |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||||
| Scarring grade§ | |||||||
| S0 | – | – | 363 | (100) | |||
| S1a | 0 | 0 | – | – | |||
| S1b | 188 | (51.8) | – | – | |||
| S1c | 128 | (35.3) | − | − | |||
| S2 | 34 | (9.4) | – | – | |||
| S3 | 13 | (3.6) | − | − | |||
| Papillary inflammation grade | |||||||
| P0 | 81 | (22.3) | 346 | (95.3) | |||
| P1 | 189 | (52.1) | 17 | (4.7) | |||
| P2 | 85 | (23.4) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| P3 | 8 | (2.2) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| Follicles grade | |||||||
| F0 | 358 | (98.6) | 358 | (99.7) | |||
| F1 | 2 | (0.6) | 1 | (0.3) | |||
| F2 | 1 | (0.3) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| F3 | 2 | (0.6) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; IQR = interquartile range; OR = odds ratio.
⁎
The result shown is the increase in the OR with each increase in age group category.
†
Primary schooling in Tanzania is completed after 7 years.
‡
Categories from the National Institutes of Health.
§
All of the controls had no scarring (grade 0), and all of the cases had scarring grade ≥S1b.