Table 2. Baseline measurements of back pain and functioning.

	OMT (n = 30)	UCO (n = 30)	Difference (95% CI)* at baseline
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Pain Now	5·23 (2·11)	5·53 (2·21)	−0·30 (−1·42 to 0·82)
Pain Typical	5·73 (1·78)	6·40 (1·99)	−0·67 (−1·64 to 0·31)
Pain at Best	2·60 (1·16)	3·0 (1·88)	−0·40 (−1·21 to 0·41)
Pain at Worst	8·3 (1·18)	8·43 (1·48)	−0·13 (−0·82 to 0·56)
RMDQ	12·37 (5·30)	12·50 (6·02)	−0·13 (−3·06 to 2·80)

Note: OMT = osteopathic manipulative treatment group; UCO = usual care only group; RMDQ = Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire.

*Represents the difference tested using independent samples t-tests.