Table 2.

Commercially Available In Vitro Adulterants: Mechanism of Action, Tests Potentially Affected by Use, and Methods of Detection

Chemical	Commercially Available Brands Containing the Chemical	Mechanism of Adulteration	Tests Done by Laboratories That Are Affected	Potential False-Negative Results	Method of Detection
Glutaraldehyde	Clean-XInstant Clean ADD-it-iveUrine Aid	Interferes in immunoassays by decreasing absorbance rates	EMIT II21	THC, amphetamine, opioids, cocaine, benzodiazepines	AdultaCheck 422
			CEDIA20	THC, amphetamine, cocaine, PCP, benzodiazepines, barbiturates	AdultaCheck 623
			Monitect PC1122	THC, amphetamine, opioids, cocaine, PCP	Intect 724
Nitrite	Klear	Leads to decrease in THC ions and may successfully mask the presence of cocaine metabolites, PCP, morphine, and amphetamine	Abuscreen25	THC, amphetamine, opioids, cocaine, PCP	AdultaCheck 422
	Whizzies				AdultaCheck 623
	Purafyzit				Intect 724
	Krystal Klean		GC/MS25	THC	Mask Ultra Screen24
Pyridinium chlorochromate	Urine Luck	Decreases standard pH levels of samples	EMIT II26	THC, opioids	AdultaCheck 623
	LL-418		Abuscreen26	THC, opioids	Intect 724
	Sweet Pea’s Spoiler		Monitect PC1122	THC, amphetamine, opioids, cocaine, PCP	Mask Ultra Screen24
	Klear II		EIA24	THC, opioids
Peroxidase and peroxide	Stealth	Oxidizes different drugs and their metabolites	CEDIA27,28	THC, opioids, LSD	Intect 724
			GC/MS27,28	Opioids
			Monitect PC1122	HC, cocaine, PCP

Abbreviations: CEDIA = cloned enzyme donor immunoassay, EIA = enzyme immunoassay, EMIT = enzyme multiplied immunoassay, GC/MS = gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, LSD = lysergic acid diethylamide, PCP = phencyclidine, THC = tetrahydrocannabinol.