Table 6. Effectiveness of interventions to influence filling antibiotic prescription for children with respiratory tract infections.

Study	Age	Outcome	Intervention	Control	OR [95% CI]	NNT	Significance	Risk of
					or difference			bias
Reduction in number of children taking antibiotics
Chao	2–12 yr	Number of children taking	13/100	40/106	0.25 [0.11–	4	<0.0001	Min.
		AB or re-consulting	(13%)	(37.7%)	0.52]
		for ABx
Francis*	6 mo-	Number of children	55/246	111/263	0.39 [0.26–	5	<0.0001	Min.
	14 yr	taking AB	(22.4%)	(42.2%)	0.59]
Little ‡	6 mo-	Number of children	36/150	132/134	74.5% (66.2%–	1	<0.0001	Min.
	10 yr	taking AB	(24%)	(98.5%)	80.7%)
Pshetizky	3 mo-	Number of children	18/44	32/37	0.11 [0.03–	2	<0.0001	Min.
	4 yr	taking AB	(40.9%)	(86.5%)	0.36]
Reduction in number of parents filling antibiotic prescription
Spiro	6 mo-	Number of parents	50/132	116/133	0.09 [0.05–	2	<0.0001	Min.
	12 yr	filling AB script	(37.9%)	(87.2%)	0.17]

*cluster randomised controlled trial;

^‡because of the small numbers in one of the cells we calculated proportional difference; AB: antibiotic; ABx: antibiotic prescription; Min: minimum; mo: month; NNT: number needed to treat; OR: odds ratio; yr: year.