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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Basic Res Cardiol. 2011 Sep 4;106(6):1087–1097. doi: 10.1007/s00395-011-0215-7

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PVN levels of norepinephrine (NE), glutamate (GLU) and GABA in heart failure (HF) and sham operated (SHAM) rats treated for 4 weeks with SN50, SN50M or vehicle. HF rats had higher levels of NE (A) and glutamate (B), and lower levels of GABA (C) in the PVN. Four-week bilateral infusions of SN50 into the PVN prevented the decrease in PVN GABA and the increases in PVN glutamate and NE in HF rats. PVN infusions of SN50M for 4 weeks did not alter NE, glutamate, or GABA in the PVN of HF rats. IP treatment with the same dose of SN50 did not alter NE, glutamate, or GABA in the PVN of HF rats. *P<0.05 versus SHAM groups. †P<0.05 HF+PVN SN50 versus HF+PVN vehicle or HF+PVN SN50M.