Figure 2.

rVP1 inhibits cancer cell survival through integrin β1-Akt signalling. (A) SKOV3 cells were pretreated with or without anti-integrin β1 (2 µg·mL⁻¹) antibody, control IgG or PBS for 1 h then treated with 0.3 or 1 µM of rVP1 at 37°C for 24 h. Cell survival was determined by WST-1 assay. (B) SKOV3 cells were pretreated with or without control IgG or anti-integrin β1 antibody (2 µg·mL⁻¹) for 1 h followed by 1 µM of rVP1 treatment for 30 min. After incubation, lysates were analysed by Western blotting for FAK, Akt, GSK-3β, PTEN and their phosphorylated forms (p-FAK, p-Akt, p-GSK-3β and p-PTEN). Blots are representative of three independent experiments. (C) SKOV3 cells were transfected with control vector, plasmid encoding wild-type Akt (Akt-WT) or constitutively active Akt (Akt-DA) for 36 h followed by rVP1 treatment for 24 h in serum-free medium and the cell survival was determined by WST-1 assay. Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.01.