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. 2011 Dec 6;9:e0153. doi: 10.1199/tab.0153

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

ABC transporters involved in cellular detoxification.

(A) At the plasma membrane, AtABCG36 mediates Cd export and is also involved in pathogen defense (Kobae et al., 2006; Stein et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2007; Bednarek et al., 2009; Clay et al., 2009). The bacterial-type ABC transporters, STAR1 and STAR2, confer aluminum tolerance by transporting UDP-glucose to the extracellular space (Huang et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2010). At the vacuolar membrane, AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 sequester arsenic-phytochelatin complexes in the vacuolar lumen and confer tolerance to toxic metals/metalloid (Song et al., 2010; Park et al., 2011). AtABCC1 is also implicated in folate transport (Raichaudhuri et al., 2009), while AtABCC2 is the major transporter of glutathione conjugate (Lu et al., 1998; Frelet-Barrand et al., 2008). AtABCC5 functions as a phytate transporter (Nagy et al., 2009).

(B–C) Loss-of-function of AtABCC1 and AtABCC2 resulted in arsenic hypersensitivity (Song et al., 2010) (B) and inhibition of vacuolar sequestration of Cd (Park et al., 2011) (C).