Table 4.

Dynamical parameters of hydrated tetravalent metal cations ${\text{MRT}}_1$ and ${\text{MRT}}_2$ are the mean ligands residence times of water ligands in the first and second hydration shell, ${\text{K}}_{\text{I}0}$, the force constant for the ion–O bond.

Ion	${\text{MRT}}_1$ (ps)	${\text{MRT}}_2$ (ps)	${\text{K}}_{I0}$ (N/m)	Ref.
Ce(IV)	n.o.	6.0	149	[42]
Zr(IV)	n.o.	5.5	188	[46]
Hf(IV)	n.o.	15.4	212	[47]
U(IV)	n.o.	13.6	157	[53]

n.o.: no exchange processes observed during simulation time.