Fig. 1.

Mechanical stimulation of SaOS-2 cultures: (A) Turbulent fluid flow was applied in monolayer using a pipette to displace 80% of the medium; (B) Turbulent fluid flow was applied in 3D using a pipette to draw 80% of the medium through the scaffold; (C) Laminar fluid flow was applied to cells using a parallel flow chamber (1: Inlet; 2: Outlet; 3: Parallel plate chamber; inverted slide in grey)(Huesa et al., 2010); (D) Substrate strain was applied inside a custom made four point-bending chamber (1,2: Points on roof of chamber; 3,4: Points on base of chamber; slide in grey); (E) Compression was applied to scaffolds using a Bose ElectroForce 3200 biodynamic chamber.