Fig. 2.

ATP release in response to mechanical stimuli: (A) SaOS-2 cultures were subject to turbulent fluid flow in monolayer; (B) 3D turbulent fluid flow; (C) laminar fluid flow; (D) substrate strain with fluid flow control; (E) 3D static compressive loading (F) 3D repeated bouts of cyclic compressive loading (arrowheads). Medium samples were collected for ATP measurements immediately before (Basal) and after fluid flow (Load) or at the time stated. N=2–6 samples per condition per experiment, 3–4 independent repeat experiments. ^⁎P<0.05, ^⁎⁎P<0.01, ^⁎⁎⁎P<0.001 (t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test).