Fig. 4.

c-fos activation in response to mechanical stimuli: SaOS-2 reporter cells were subjected to no loading (Basal), loading or treated with 10% FBS and 100 ng⁻¹ml PTH (FP) as a positive control. Cultures were loaded by (A) turbulent fluid flow in monolayer; (B) 3D turbulent fluid flow; (C) laminar fluid flow; (D) substrate strain with fluid flow control; (E) or static compressive loading. N=2–8 per condition per experiment, 3 independent repeat experiments, ^⁎P<0.05, ^⁎⁎P<0.01, ^⁎⁎⁎P<0.001 (t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test).