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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2011 Dec 22;228(2):406–414. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.026

Figure 4. Grik4−/− mice display antidepressant-like behavior in test of learned helplessness.

Figure 4

(A) Percentage of time spent immobile during the course of forced swim test (FST). Data are presented in 1 min bins of a 10 min test for Grik4+/+ (closed squares) and Grik4−/− (open squares). (B) Total time spent immobile during the final 4 min of testing. Grik4−/− mice spent significantly less time immobile during final 4 min of testing. Data for Grik4+/+ (black bar), Grik4+/− (gray bar), and Grik4−/− (white bar). Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.