Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for covariates, chronic stress domains, and C-Reactive Protein, for the total sample and each gender group.
|
Total Sample (N= 6583) |
Males (N=3125) |
Females (N=3458) |
t-test or χ2 for gender difference |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) [M (SD)] | 62.1 (10.2) | 62.2 (10.2) | 62.1 (10.2) | t (6581) = −0.21 |
| Ethnicity [N (%)] | χ2(3,N=6583) = 5.21 | |||
| Caucasian | 2553 (38.8) | 1234 (39.5) | 1319 (38.1) | |
| African-American | 1778 (27.0) | 803 (25.7) | 975 (28.2) | |
| Hispanic | 1454 (22.1) | 703 (22.5) | 751 (21.7) | |
| Chinese-American | 798 (12.1) | 385 (12.3) | 413 (11.9) | |
| Educationa [N (%)] | χ2(2,N=6583) = 59.47* | |||
| Elementary/some high school | 1217 (18.1) | 510 (16.3) | 689 (19.9) | |
| High school graduate | 1223 (18.1) | 474 (15.2) | 712 (20.6) | |
| Some college/college graduate | 4299 (63.8) | 2141 (68.5) | 2057 (59.5) | |
| Incomea [N (%)] | χ2(13,N=6583) = 190.18* | |||
| Less than $12,000 | 743 (11.3) | 267 (8.6) | 476 (13.7) | |
| $12,000–49,999 | 3303 (50.1) | 1427 (45.7) | 1876 (54.4) | |
| $50,000–74,999 | 1081 (16.3) | 573 (18.3) | 508 (14.7) | |
| Greater than $75,000 | 1456 (22.2) | 858 (27.5) | 598 (17.3) | |
| Married/Partnered [N (%)] | 4033 (61.3) | 2270 (72.6) | 1763 (51.0) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 324.43* |
| Employed Full/Part-Time [N (%)] | 3093(47.0) | 1602 (51.3) | 1491 (43.1) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 43.73* |
| Medication Usage [N (%)] | ||||
| Aspirin | 1571 (23.9) | 857 (27.4) | 714 (20.6) | χ2(1,N=6541) = 42.88* |
| NSAIDs | 1148 (17.4) | 407 (13.0) | 741 (21.4) | χ2(1,N=6581) = 80.73* |
| Anti-hypertensive Medication | 2188 (33.2) | 964 (30.8) | 1224 (35.4) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 15.3* |
| Lipid-lowering Medication | 1081 (16.4) | 496 (15.9) | 585 (16.9) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 1.31 |
| Hormone Replacement Therapy | 993 (15.1) | - | 993 (28.7) | - |
| Body Mass Index [M (SD)] | 28.3 (5.5) | 27.9 (4.4) | 28.7 (6.2) | t (6581) = 6.31* |
| Current diabetes diagnosis [N (%)] | 839 (12.7) | 441 (14.1) | 398 (11.5) | χ2(1,N=6574) = 10.16* |
| Current hypertension diagnosis [N (%)] | 2943 (44.7) | 1340 (42.9) | 1603 (46.4) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 8.02* |
| Recent infection [N (%)] | 3335 (50.7) | 1304 (41.7) | 1942 (56.2) | χ2(1,N=6581) = 136.23* |
| Behavioral Factors [N (%)] | ||||
| Current Smoker | 848 (12.9) | 449 (14.4) | 399 (11.5) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 11.71* |
| Current Alcohol Use | 3644 (55.4) | 1956 (62.6) | 1688 (48.8) | χ2(1,N=6558) = 124.9* |
| Physical Activity (MET-mins/week) [M (SD)] | 1547 (2319) | 1775 (2613) | 1341 (1996) | t (6579) = −7.62* |
| Chronic Stress [N (%)] | ||||
| Sympathetic-Caregiving | 1798 (27.3) | 677 (21.7) | 1141 (32.3) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 95.62* |
| Relationship | 1104 (16.8) | 422 (13.5) | 682 (19.7) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 45.48* |
| Work | 713 (10.8) | 297 (9.5) | 416 (12.0) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 10.85* |
| Financial | 1156 (17.6) | 455 (14.6) | 701 (20.3) | χ2(1,N=6583) = 36.99* |
| C-Reactive Protein mg/L [M (SD)] | 3.78 (5.92) | 2.90 (5.56) | 4.57 (6.13) | t (6581) = 11.54* |
Note. Means and standard deviations are included for continuous variables, and numbers and percents for categorical variables.
*
p< .05
a
Categories created for table (full distribution used in analysis)