Relationships Among Reading Skills of Adults with Low Literacy

. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Learn Disabil. 2010 Mar-Apr;43(2):122–138. doi: 10.1177/0022219409359343

Models 3(c) and 3(d)

Variable	Model 3(c). Total R² = .663				Error	Model 3(d). Total R² = .690					Error
	Path Coefficients					Path Coefficients				Effic
	Wrd Recog	Lang	Vocab	Flu		Wrd Recog	Lang	Vocab	Flu	Effic
WRAT	.861^*			.508^*	.878^*					.479^*
WJWID	.930^*			.368^*	.958^*					.288^*
WJWA	.687^*			.727^*	.684^*					.730^*
WJOC	.889^*			.459^*	890^*					.456^*
WJUD	.689^*			.724^*	.689^*					.725^*
WJSR	.661^*			.750^*	.660^*					.751^*
WJPV	.853^*			.523^*	.853^*					.522^*
BNT		.936^*			.351^*		.936^*				.352^*
WJFLU		.828^*	.561^*		.835^*		.550^*
NBRS		.957^*	.291^*		.948^*		.317^*
TWSW		.883^*			.469^*					.900^*	.436^*
TWPD		.710^*			.704^*					.666^*	.746^*

PCMP	.628^*	.561^*	-.123^*	-.005	.614^*	.467	.538	-.030	.082	.003	.616^*

Inter-factor Correlations
Wrd Recog	--					--
Language	.091^*	--				.114^*	--
Vocabulary	.169^*	.823^*	--			.189^*	823^*	--
Fluency	.890^*	.161^*	.190^*	--		.834^*	.171^*	.199^*	--
Efficiency						.945^*	.065	.133^*	.998^*	--

p < .01

Wrd Recog = Word Recognition; Lang = Language Comprehension; Vocab = Vocabulary; Flu = Fluency of text reading; Effic = Efficiency of word/pseudoword list reading; PCMP = WJ Passage Comprehension; WJWA = WJ Word Attack; WJWID = WJ Word Identification; WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test Reading; TWSW = TOWRE Single Word Efficiency; TWPD = Phonological Decoding Efficiency; WJFLU = WJ Reading Fluency; NBRS = NAAL Basic Reading Skills oral passage reading fluency; WJOC = WJ Oral Comprehension; WJUD = WJ Understanding Directions; WJSR = WJ Story Recall; WJPV = WJ Picture Vocabulary; BNT = Boston Naming Test.