Table 4.

Predictors of height-for-age Z score in preschool children in western Panamá from a stepwise multiple regression model^*

Characteristic	Total sample			Index child
	Raw coefficient	Standardized coefficient	P	Raw coefficient	Standardized coefficient	P
Age, months	−0.03	−0.03	< 0.001	−0.04	−0.03	< 0.001
Water quality, Escherichia CFU/100 mL	NE†	–	–	NE	–	–
Maternal education, years	NE	–	–	NE	–	–
Household Wealth Index‡	0.40	0.21	0.01	0.29	0.15	0.02
Wash with soap§	NE	–	–	NE	–	–
Yard defecation¶	NE	–	–	NE	–	–
Protozoan infection, CPI#	−1.06	−0.20	0.002	−1.41	−0.25	< 0.001
Diarrhetic stool, CDI**	NE	–	–	NE	–	–
Household density, homes/km2	−0.005	−0.11	0.08	NE	–	–
Intercept	−1.08	–	< 0.001	−0.90	–	< 0.001
Adjusted R2	0.26			0.33
F4,208	19.50			F3,152	26.44
p > F	< 0.001			<0.001
No.	213			156

^*Height-for-age Z score HAZ available: n = 285 children (202 index children), complete data set available: n = 213 (156 index children).CFU = colony-forming units; CPI = Chronic Protozoan Index; CDI = Chronic Diarrhea Index.

^†Excluded during stepwise process if P > 0.10.

^‡Asset-based index of household wealth weights were derived from the first component of Principle Components Analysis.

^§Child washes hands with soap before eating (0 = no, 1 = yes), as reported by the mother.

^¶Child defecation occurs primarily in the yard around the home (0 = no, 1 = yes), as reported by the mother.

^#Proportion of positive samples provided (for children who provided ≥ 4 of 7 possible sampling periods).

^**Proportion of positive samples provided (for children who provided ≥ 4 of 7 possible sampling periods).