Table 4.
Variables significantly associated with positive serology for Leptospira spp. on univariate and multivariable analyses for serovar LT 751*
| Risk factors | No. in category | No. with antibodies | Seroprevalence (%) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariable OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire variables† | |||||
| Total sampled | 807 | 38 | 4.7% | ||
| Male | 423 | 33 | 7.8% | 6.35 (2.45–16.43) | 5.75 (2.21–14.99) |
| Touched rats | 112 | 11 | 9.8% | 2.62 (1.26–5.45) | |
| Heard of leptospirosis | 293 | 8 | 2.7% | 0.45 (0.20–1.00) | |
| Sewage system | |||||
| Septic tank | 553 | 32 | 5.8% | 1 | |
| Mains sewage | 248 | 6 | 2.4% | 0.40 (0.17–0.98) | |
| Occupational groups | |||||
| Indoor | 192 | 7 | 3.7% | 1 | |
| Outdoor (including fish cleaners) | 135 | 11 | 8.2% | 2.34 (0.88–6.21) | |
| Mixed indoor/outdoor | 72 | 1 | 1.4% | 0.37 (0.04–3.08) | |
| Unemployed | 382 | 18 | 4.7% | 1.31 (0.54–3.19) | |
| Swimming at beach | |||||
| Never | 269 | 5 | 1.9% | 1 | |
| Occasional (< once a week) | 295 | 17 | 5.8% | 3.23 (1.17–8.88) | |
| Frequent (> once a week) | 230 | 15 | 6.5% | 3.68 (1.32–10.30) | |
| Swimming in river | |||||
| Never | 680 | 29 | 4.3% | 1 | |
| Occasional (< once a week) | 82 | 4 | 4.9% | 1.15 (0.39–3.36) | |
| Frequent (> once a week) | 30 | 4 | 13.3% | 3.45 (1.13–10.55) | |
| Swimming or walking in rain puddles | |||||
| Never | 343 | 6 | 1.7% | 1 | 1 |
| Occasional (< once a week) | 154 | 8 | 5.2% | 3.08 (1.05–9.03) | 3.12 (2.21–14.99) |
| Frequent (> once a week) | 298 | 23 | 7.7% | 4.70 (1.89–11.70) | 4.24 (1.69–10.64) |
| Environmental variablesठ| |||||
| Total sampled | 721 | 31 | 4.3% | ||
| House more than 100 m from stream* | 262 | 19 | 7.3% | 2.59 (1.24–5.42) | 2.36 (1.10–5.07) |
*
Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) are shown in bold.
†
Participants from all islands.
‡
Participants from Tutuila only.
§
Variables included in multivariable model: male, swimming or walking in rain puddles, house more than 100 m from stream.
CI = confidence interval.