Spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded in cortical slices (
A
), and medullary slices (
B
) containing the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG), Pre Bötzinger (preBötC) and Bötzinger Complex (BötC) (
C
). Electrode arrays placed in cortical slices were centered on primary motor/somatosensory cortex (A; hatched area). Electrode arrays in medullary slices were centered on the region containing the ventral respiratory column (VRC) (
B
). The gray bar indicates the rostrocaudal extent of coronal sections used for in vitro electrophysiology and well as immunohistochemistry. During the initial equilibration, medullary neurons exhibited rhythmic bursts (
D top, bottom
), slow tonic activity (
E top
) or fast tonic activity (
E bottom
). Raw traces are shown above overlaid action potential waveforms extracted from raw data. (D, E). NA, nucleus ambiguus; IV, fourth ventricle. NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; XII, hypoglossal nucleus; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group; rVRG, rostral ventral respiratory group; Pre-BötC, pre-Bötzinger complex; BötC, Bötzinger complex.