Table 2.
Psychopathology Scores by Group
| Self-Report
|
Parent-Report
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Injuring | Depressed | Control | F | η2 | Self-Injuring | Depressed | Control | F | η2 | |
| n = 28 | n = 25 | n = 25 | n = 21 | n = 19 | n = 25 | |||||
| Achenbach scales1 | ||||||||||
| Withdrawn | 62.4 (1.4) | 60.0 (1.5) | 50.4 (1.5) | 18.3†† | .33 | 63.9 (1.8) | 69.9 (1.9) | 52.6 (1.7) | 24.7†† | .44 |
| Somatic complaints | 60.2 (1.3) | 57.9 (1.4) | 50.6 (1.4) | 13.3†† | .26 | 65.1 (1.9) | 65.0 (2.0) | 54.4 (1.7) | 11.7†† | .27 |
| Anxious/depressed | 70.4 (1.7) | 62.4 (1.8) | 50.2 (1.8) | 32.5** | .46 | 64.4 (1.6) | 66.7 (1.7) | 51.2 (1.5) | 29.6†† | .49 |
| Social problems | 62.9 (1.4) | 58.2 (1.5) | 51.3 (1.5) | 15.7†† | .30 | 57.2 (1.2) | 58.7 (1.3) | 50.7 (1.1) | 13.2†† | .30 |
| Thought problems | 59.1 (1.3) | 55.3 (1.4) | 51.2 (1.4) | 8.6†† | .19 | 58.1 (1.4) | 58.8 (1.4) | 51.1 (1.2) | 10.9†† | .26 |
| Attention problems | 67.3 (1.6) | 62.8 (1.7) | 51.0 (1.7) | 24.5†† | .39 | 61.7 (1.5) | 63.6 (1.5) | 50.9 (1.3) | 23.5†† | .43 |
| Delinquent behavior | 69.4 (1.3) | 59.4 (1.4) | 52.8 (1.4) | 38.4** | .50 | 66.4 (1.6) | 59.7 (1.7) | 51.8 (1.5) | 22.5†† | .42 |
| Aggressive behavior | 60.6 (1.2) | 56.0 (1.3) | 50.7 (1.3) | 15.0†† | .29 | 60.3 (1.3) | 57.1 (1.4) | 51.2 (1.2) | 13.8†† | .31 |
| Total externalizing | 65.0 (1.7) | 55.5 (1.8) | 44.7 (1.8) | 34.5** | .48 | 62.0 (2.1) | 56.2 (2.3) | 42.6 (2.0) | 23.7†† | .43 |
| Total internalizing | 66.2 (1.8) | 60.5 (1.9) | 40.6 (1.9) | 50.1†† | .57 | 65.8 (2.0) | 69.4 (2.1) | 46.0 (1.8) | 43.5†† | .58 |
|
| ||||||||||
| n = 28 | n = 26 | n = 26 | n = 28 | n = 26 | n = 26 | |||||
|
| ||||||||||
| DSM-IV scales (YI and ASI)2 | ||||||||||
| ADHD combined type | 24.6 (1.6) | 23.8 (1.7) | 10.0 (1.7) | 23.9†† | .37 | 14.5 (1.6) | 18.4 (1.6) | 6.2 (1.6) | 16.2†† | .29 |
| Conduct disorder | 5.4 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.5) | 0.4 (0.5) | 23.7** | .37 | 4.3 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | .39 (0.8) | 15.9†† | .29 |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 10.5 (0.8) | 8.6 (0.8) | 3.6(0.8) | 21.0†† | .34 | 10.4 (1.0) | 10.1 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 15.0†† | .28 |
| Generalized anxiety | 14.3 (0.9) | 12.5 (0.9) | 4.7 (0.9) | 33.2†† | .45 | 10.0 (0.7) | 10.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.7) | 32.4†† | .46 |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 2.6 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.9) | 19.9†† | .33 | .82 (0.2) | .96 (0.2) | .12 (0.2) | 15.0†† | .17 |
| Post-traumatic stress | 3.9 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 31.3** | .44 | 2.2 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 14.4†† | .27 |
| Social phobia | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 22.9†† | .16 | |||||
| Separation anxiety | 1.7 (0.4) | 2.5 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.4) | 34.5 | .17 | 1.3 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.6) | 2.9 | .07 |
| Schizoid personality | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.2) | 6.7 | .11 | 2.0 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.3) | 11.3†† | .23 |
| Major depression | 14.6 (0.9) | 12.6 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.9) | 41.7†† | .51 | 10.3 (0.7) | 9.3 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.8) | 43.2** | .53 |
| Manic symptoms | 10.0 (0.7) | 8.6 (0.7) | 8.9 (0.7) | 1.2 | .03 | 5.3 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.6) | 8.8†† | .19 |
| Anorexia | 4.3 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 103†† | .20 | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 2.6†† | .06 |
| Bulimia | 3.3 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.5) | 8.1†† | .16 | 1.4 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 5.3 | .12 |
| Substance use | 3.7 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 18.4** | .31 | 1.9 (0.3) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 15.1** | .28 |
| KSADS depression symptoms | 63.3 (1.6) | 54.7 (1.6) | 30.8 (1.6) | 115.7†† | .76 | 58.4 (1.5) | 55.4 (1.7) | 30.2 (1.6) | 94.8†† | .73 |
| KSADS manic symptoms | 11.4 (0.5) | 9.4 (0.5) | 8.8 (0.5) | 8.4** | .19 | 10.3 (0.4) | 9.0 (0.4) | 8.5 (0.4) | 5.6 † | .13 |
| Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) | 68.8 (1.6) | 62.0 (1.7) | 41.3 (1.7) | 72.4** | .64 | |||||
Notes. YI = Youth’s Inventory; ASI = Adolescent Symptom Inventory; K-SADS = Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.
1
T-scores.
2
Raw scores.
††
p ≤ .001 SII vs. typical adolescents only.
†
p ≤ .01 SII vs. typical adolescents only.
**
p ≤ .001 SII compared with both groups.