Table 2.

Selected positron emission tomography radiotracers well characterized for pharmacodynamic studies (adapted from [43], but see also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5330/)

PET radiotracer	Clinical application
[13N]-ammonia	Myocardial perfusion
[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose FDG)	Glucose uptake and phosphorylation
[11C]-methionine	Protein synthesis
[18F]-fluoromizonidazole	Tumour hypoxia
[11C]-acetate	Oxidative metabolism
[18F]-DOPA	Presynaptic dopaminergic function
[18F]-fluoride	Bone scintigraphy
[82Rb]-rubidium	Myocardial perfusion
[18F]-fluorotyrosine	Amino acid uptake, protein synthesis
[11C]-thymidine	DNA synthesis
[18F]-fluorothymidine (FLT)	Tumour cell proliferation
[64Cu]-ATSM or [18F]MISO	Hypoxia