Table 3.
Crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and other signaling molecules in osteoblast and bone
| Gene | Crosstalk signaling | Results | Refer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tgfbr2↓ | PTH type I receptor↑ | increased bone mass | 33 |
| PTH-CREB→ | BMP-2 expression | osteoblastogenesis | 35 |
| FGF2↑ | Tgfbr2 mutant→normal | regulates frontal bone | 37 |
| FGF-- FGFR3 | TGF-beta | mediates embryonic bone formation | 37 |
| TGF-β 1→ | beta-catenin↑ | osteoblastogenesis↑ | 39 |
| Wnt and TGF-β | TCF,Runx2↑ TβRI ↑ | Runx2↑ osteoblast maturation↑ | 40 |
| Smad4 mutant | Ihh/PTHrP↓ | ×→TGF-β 1 response | 41 |
| TGF-β1→ | ↑BMP-2 | → ectopic bone formation | 42 |
| Wnt3A→ | ↑ BMP-9 | ↑ ALP | 96 |
| β-catenin ↓ | ↓responsiveness to BMP-2 | alters osteoblast differentiation | 97 |
| β-catenin and Runx2→ | ↑ BMP-9-induced | osteogenic differentiation | 96 |
| BMPR1A↓ | ↑ Wnt (SOST, Dkk1) | bone mass↑ | 99 |
| FGF-2,-9 →FGF/FgfR→ | ↑ BMP-2 and TGFbeta-1 | ↑osteogenic expression | 101 |
| Notch | ↑BMP-induced ALP | →Smad and Notch | 105 |
| Shh (Gli2)→ | ↑ BMP-2 promoter activity | normal osteoblast differentiation | 110 |
| Ihh→ | ↑BMP-induced osteogenesis | bone formation | 113 |
| Ihh and BMP→ | ↑ALP, Ihh expression | long bone development | 114 |
Note: ↓decrease; ↑increase; → stimulate; × block