Table 1.

Select antiangiogenic agents in trial for GBM.

Drug	Mechanism	Most Advanced Phase	Results
Antibodies
bevacizumab	VEGF antibody	Phase II-recurrent GBM	Bevacizumab alone: 29–35 % APF6
		Phase III- newly diagnosed	Bevacizumab + irinotecan: 50.2% APF6
aflibercept	VEGF-A & B, PlGF “receptor decoy”	Phase II- recurrent GBM	30% response rate
		Phase I- newly diagnosed	ongoing
IMC-3G3	PDGFR α antibody	Phase I/II in recurrent GBM	ongoing
ramucirumab	VEGFR2 antibody	Phase I/II in recurrent GBM	ongoing
Small Molecule Inhibitors
cediranib	VEGFR-1/2/3, c-kit, PDGFR- α/β inhibitor, weak FGFR-1, EGFR inhibitor	Phase III- recurrent GBM	no improvement in OS compared to lomustine alone
		Phase II- newly diagnosed GBM	ongoing
E7080	VEGFR-2/3, FGFR1, PDGFR-β	Phase II- recurrent GBM	ongoing
sunitinib	VEGFR-2, PDGFR, c-kit inhibitor	Phase I- recurrent GBM	APF6 24%
cabozantinib	VEGFR-2, c-met, Tie-2, c-kit inhibitor	Phase II- recurrent GBM	ongoing
pazopanib	VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-α/β, c-kit inhibitor	Phase I/II- recurrent GBM	APFS6 3%
AEE788	VEGFR-1/2, EGFR inhibitor	Phase I/II- recurrent GBM	results pending
sorafenib	VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-β, Flt-3, Raf inhibitor	Phase I/II- recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM	results pending
vandetanib	VEGFR-1/2, EGFR, Ret kinases inhibitor	Phase I/II- newly diagnosed GBM	study halted because failed to meet interim analysis goals

Please see the National Cancer Institute website for up-to-date information on ongoing trials (www.clinicaltrials.org). VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PlGF: placental growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor; FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor