Table 4.
Risk of hip fracture according to time since stopping use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) among 79 899 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study
| Never used PPI | Stopped PPI use | Current PPI use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥2 years ago | <2 years ago | |||
| No of cases/No of person years | 691/470 109 | 13/5028 | 40/17 017 | 149/73 632 |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI): | ||||
| Age adjusted | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.62 to 1.91) | 1.54 (1.11 to 2.14) | 1.38 (1.15 to 1.66) |
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.63 to 1.92) | 1.53 (1.10 to 2.12) | 1.39 (1.15 to 1.68) |
*Adjusted for age (months), body mass index, alcohol intake, total energy adjusted calcium intake, history of osteoporosis, level of physical activity, smoking status, vitamin D intake, bisphosphonate use, thiazide use, corticosteroid use, and use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (see table 2 for details).