Effect of TLR4-neutralizing antibody on HG-induced IL-6 and CCL-2 expression. PTECs were pretreated with TLR4-neutralizing antibody (20 μg/ml) or equivalent dose of IgG control before addition of HG for 24 hours. At the end of incubation, IL-6 and CCL-2 mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR (A), and their protein levels in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA (B). Results represent means ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus PTECs cultured with NG media; ‡P<0.05, ‡‡P<0.01 versus PTECs cultured with HG media; @P<0.05, @@P<0.01 versus PTECs pretreated with IgG control and cultured with HG media. NG, normal glucose.