Table 1.
Clinical data and TLR4, TLR2, and CD68 immunohistochemistry in diabetic subjects with and without DN, nondiabetic normal subjects, and nondiabetic nephrotic subjects
| Patient | Age at Biopsy (yr)/Sex | SCr (μmol/L) | Serum Urea (mmol/L) | UPE/24 h (g) | Duration of Diagnosed DM (yr) | eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)a | CRP (mg/dl) | HbA1c (%) | Comorbidities | TISS (0–5) | CD68+ (n)/HPF (mean [SD]) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microvascular Disease | Macrovascular Disease | Renal Disease Other than DN | AD | TLR4 | TLR2 | ||||||||||
| DN group (n=9)b | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 42/F | 85 | 3.5 | 2.92 | 0.1 | 64 | 3.27 | 10.6 | DR | IHD | N | N | 5 | 3 | 35 (7) |
| 2 | 60/M | 64 | 4.9 | 1.89 | 0.1 | 111 | 1.36 | 11.9 | DR, DPN | N | N | N | 4 | 2 | 20 (6) |
| 3 | 65/F | 198 | 20.7 | 3.45 | 15 | 22 | 0.46 | 8.4 | N | N | N | N | 4 | 3 | 14 (4) |
| 4 | 59/M | 141 | 10.3 | 3.70 | 2 | 45 | 2.98 | 9.1 | N | IHD | N | N | 3 | 2 | 15 (3) |
| 5 | 64/F | 284 | 12.8 | 4.74 | 7 | 15 | 6.00 | 6.2 | N | N | N | N | 3 | 4 | 57 (10) |
| 6 | 45/M | 254 | 10.6 | 3.64 | 0.1 | 25 | <0.35 | 9 | DR | N | N | N | 5 | 1 | 18 (3) |
| 7 | 47/M | 672 | 28.4 | 5.00 | 5 | 8 | 2.03 | NA | N | PVD | N | N | 3 | 3 | 26 (9) |
| 8 | 55/M | 170 | 10.1 | 5.40 | 2 | 36 | NA | 9.4 | N | N | N | N | 5 | 2 | 24 (5) |
| 9 | 54/F | 205 | 18.6 | 4.40 | >20 | 23 | 0.26 | 7.9 | N | CVA | N | N | 4 | 3 | 18 (7) |
| mean ± SD | 54.6±8.3 F:M=4:5 | 230.3±180.5 | 13.3±7.9 | 3.9±1.1 | 5.7±7.2 | 38.8±31.9 | 2.1±2.0 | 9.1±1.7 | 4.0±0.9 | 2.6±0.9 | 25.2±13.6 | ||||
| DM-NN group (n=9)c | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 65/F | 51 | 2.9 | <0.15 | 0.1 | 105 | NA | 7.4 | N | N | N | N | 3 | 2 | 3 (1) |
| 2 | 54/M | 64 | 5.4 | <0.15 | 6 | 113 | NA | 7.5 | N | N | N | N | 3 | 3 | 2 (2) |
| 3 | 46/M | 84 | 5.0 | <0.15 | 0.1 | 85 | NA | 5 | N | N | N | N | 1 | 1 | 1 (1) |
| 4 | 59/M | 106 | 5.7 | <0.15 | 2 | 62 | NA | 5.7 | N | N | N | N | 2 | 1 | 1 (1) |
| 5 | 77/M | 106 | 5.6 | <0.15 | >10 | 59 | NA | 9 | DR | N | N | N | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 6 | 70/F | 71 | 3.7 | <0.15 | 0.1 | 71 | NA | 6.4 | N | CVA | N | N | 1 | 3 | 1 (1) |
| 7 | 67/M | 96 | 5.0 | <0.15 | 4 | 68 | NA | 9 | N | CVA | N | N | 2 | 2 | 2 (1) |
| 8 | 53/F | 77 | 4.8 | <0.15 | 8 | 68 | NA | 7.6 | N | N | N | N | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 9 | 49/F | 72 | 2.8 | <0.15 | 1 | 91 | NA | 5.8 | N | N | N | N | 2 | 3 | 2 (1) |
| mean ± SD | 60.0±10.4 F:M=4:5 | 80.8±18.9 | 4.5±1.1 | 3.5±3.7 | 80.2±19.3 | 7.0±1.4 | 2.0±0.7 | 2.1±0.9 | 1.3±1.0 | ||||||
| Normal controls (n=9)c | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 49/M | 103 | 6.1 | <0.15 | NA | 67 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 3 | 2 | 1 (1) |
| 2 | 44/M | 91 | 4.3 | <0.15 | NA | 79 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 45/M | 122 | 6.8 | <0.15 | NA | 56 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 4 | 53/F | 55 | 7.3 | <0.15 | NA | 100 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 2 | 2 | 2 (1) |
| 5 | 49/F | 70 | 4.1 | 0.30 | NA | 77 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 6 | 47/M | 69 | 3.5 | <0.15 | NA | 107 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 7 | 60/F | 79 | 4.8 | <0.15 | NA | 64 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 2 (1) |
| 8 | 61/M | 107 | 7.4 | <0.15 | NA | 61 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 2 | 3 | 1 (1) |
| 9 | 80/F | 76 | 5.8 | <0.15 | NA | 64 | NA | NA | N | N | N | N | 1 | 1 | 1 (1) |
| mean ± SD | 54.2±11.4 F:M=4:5 | 85.8±21.5 | 5.6±1.5 | 75.0±17.8 | 1.8±0.7 | 2.3±0.9 | 0.8±0.9 | ||||||||
| Nondiabetic nephropathy (n=9) | |||||||||||||||
| MCD (n=5) | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | M/32 | 106 | 6.2 | 9.2 | NA | 70 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 2 (2) |
| 2 | M/79 | 80 | 7.2 | 17.0 | NA | 80 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 4 | 10 (5) |
| 3 | F/77 | 85 | 4.1 | 5.9 | NA | 57 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 2 | 5 (3) |
| 4 | F/32 | 69 | 6.4 | 4.0 | NA | 101 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 4 (2) |
| 5 | F/84 | 67 | 4.0 | 5.1 | NA | 73 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 4 | 3 (1) |
| MN (n=4) | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | F/41 | 98 | 4.7 | 11.3 | NA | 54 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 4 | 14 (4) |
| 7 | M/59 | 84 | 6.2 | 2.1 | NA | 87 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 2 | 1 | 3 (1) |
| 8 | M/50 | 48 | 4.2 | 1.5 | NA | 160 | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 1 | 3 (2) |
| 9 | M/14 | 64 | 3.8 | 3.6 | NA | 97d | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | 3 | 4 | 8 (3) |
| mean ± SD | 52±24.5 F:M=4:5 | 77.9±17.9 | 5.2±1.3 | 6.6±5.0 | 86.6±31.9 | 2.4±0.9 | 2.7±1.3 | 5.8±4.1 | |||||||
SCr, serum creatinine; UPE, urinary protein excretion; eGFR, estimated GFR; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; AD, autoimmune disease; TISS, tubular immunohistochemical staining score; HPF, high power field; F, female; M, male; DR, diabetic retinopathy; IHD, ischemic heart disease; N, not present; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; NA, not applicable/not available.
Derived from the abbreviated 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation.62
All patients had a histologic diagnosis of DN and no other renal pathologies.
All patients had tumor nephrectomy for solitary renal cell carcinoma, and sections were obtained from the cortex of the normal pole opposite the tumorous pole.
Derived from the Schwartz equation.63