Table 4.
Specific modifications of the rapid sequence induction (RSI) procedure. Estimates correspond to either probabilities and their 95% confidence intervals or the odds ratio comparing attendings to residents (reference group). Counts (labeled “N”) are provided since these responses were provided if the gate question was answered affirmatively.
| All: p (95% CI) | Status: p (95% CI) | Status Comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resident | Attending | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Oxygenate before induction | |||||
| N | 387 | 175 | 212 | --- | --- |
| For how long? | |||||
| > 5 minutes | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.19) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.13) | 0.61 (0.30, 1.23) | 0.168 |
| 3–5 minutes | 0.55 (0.51, 0.60) | 0.54 (0.47, 0.61) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.63) | 1.08 (0.69, 1.68) | 0.742 |
| < 3 minutes | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.19) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14) | 0.76 (0.44, 1.32) | 0.337 |
| 4 vital capacity breaths | 0.12 (0.09, 0.16) | 0.13 (0.09, 0.18) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.18) | 0.97 (0.56, 1.70) | 0.921 |
| Until EtO2 >80% | 0.19 (0.14, 0.25) | 0.16 (0.11, 0.23) | 0.21 (0.16, 0.28) | 1.41 (0.87, 2.29) | 0.159 |
| Apply cricoid pressure | |||||
| N | 351 | 160 | 191 | --- | --- |
| When is it applied? | |||||
| Before the induction drug | 0.28 (0.25, 0.33) | 0.35 (0.28, 0.43) | 0.23 (0.18, 0.29) | 0.56 (0.34, 0.91) | 0.019 |
| At the same time as induction drug | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) | 0.56 (0.48, 0.63) | 0.58 (0.52, 0.64) | 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) | 0.634 |
| After loss of lid reflex | 0.08 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.14) | 0.09 (0.06, 0.14) | 1.20 (0.53, 2.74) | 0.657 |
| After loss of verbal contact | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.15) | 5.78 (1.76,19.00) | 0.004 |
| Ventilate patient with a facemask | |||||
| N | 297 | 126 | 171 | --- | --- |
| When do you attempt to ventilate? | |||||
| Before administration of muscle relaxant | 0.41 (0.35, 0.48) | 0.47 (0.38, 0.56) | 0.37 (0.30, 0.46) | 0.68 (0.46, 1.01) | 0.058 |
| After administration of muscle relaxant | 0.35 (0.30, 0.42) | 0.37 (0.28, 0.46) | 0.35 (0.27, 0.43) | 0.92 (0.55, 1.53) | 0.738 |
| Both before and after administration of muscle relaxant | 0.26 (0.20, 0.32) | 0.17 (0.10, 0.26) | 0.32 (0.25, 0.41) | 2.37 (1.22, 4.61) | 0.011 |
| How many breaths do you give? | |||||
| 1 breath | 0.28 (0.22, 0.36) | 0.31 (0.22, 0.42) | 0.26 (0.20, 0.34) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.31) | 0.373 |
| < 5 | 0.48 (0.42, 0.55) | 0.56 (0.45, 0.65) | 0.43 (0.36, 0.51) | 0.61 (0.38, 0.99) | 0.047 |
| 5–10 breaths | 0.20 (0.15, 0.25) | 0.15 (0.10, 0.22) | 0.23 (0.17, 0.30) | 1.66 (0.94, 2.94) | 0.080 |