Table 3.

Comparative studies of PCL and PLC insufficiency

Study	Study type	PCL insufficiency	PLC insufficiency	PCL and PLC insufficiency
Apsingi et al. [2]	Cadaveric biomechanical	Increased posterior laxity; no change in ER laxity	Isolated PLC sectioning not performed	Increased posterior laxity and ER laxity
Chun et al. [8]	Cadaveric biomechanical	Not tested	Sectioning of LCL had modest effect on ER; sectioning of the PFL and PT resulted in greater increases in ER laxity	Not tested
Jakob et al. [16]	Cadaveric subjective examination	No effect on the RPS	Increased subjective grade of RPS	Increased subjective grade of RPS
LaPrade and Terry [23]	Clinical subjective examination	Injury to the LCL, PT, or midthird lateral capsular ligament resulted in an abnormal RPS	Not tested	Not tested
Li et al. [24]	Clinical examination with in vivo imaging	Increase in posterior tibial translation beyond 30° of flexion	Not tested	Not tested
Nielsen and Helmig [32]	Cadaveric subjective examination	Not tested	Posterolateral instability noted only after sectioning PT	Not tested
Petrigliano et al.	Cadaveric biomechanical	Increased posterior laxity and no effect on RPS	Increased ER laxity and no effect on RPS	Increased posterior and ER laxity; increased RPS

PLC = posterolateral corner; ER = external rotation; LCL = lateral collateral ligament; PT = popliteus tendon; RPS = reverse pivot shift; PFL = popliteofibular ligament.