Table 2.
Variable | Dyslexic | Non-dyslexic | Overall Sample | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CLDRC (n=83) |
ILTS (n=82) |
CLDRC (n=744) |
ILTS (n=727) |
CLDRC (n=827) |
ILTS (n=809) |
|
Age | 11.66 (2.31) [8.15 – 18.24] |
6.2 (0.35) [5.3 – 6.8] |
11.39 (2.57) [7.98 – 19.19] |
6.3 (0.37) [5.3 – 7.7] |
11.42 (2.55) [7.98 – 19.19] |
6.3 (0.38) [5.3 – 7.7] |
Parental Educationa | 13.73 (2.36) [9.0 – 20.0] |
13.30 (2.18) [9.0 – 21.0] |
15.11 (2.23) [9.0 – 21.5] |
14.11 (2.30) [9.0 – 21.0] |
14.98 (2.28) [9.0 – 21.5] |
14.02 (2.30) [9.0 – 21.0] |
Nonverbal IQ | 96.02 (13.48) [46 – 128] |
92.71 (13.95) [69.6 – 126.2] |
106.84 (12.16) [68 – 147] |
100.81 (14.90) [100.8 – 145.4] |
105.75 (12.71) [46 – 147] |
100.00 (15.00) [60.9 – 145.4] |
Full Scale IQ | 92.54 (12.39) [51 – 118] |
- | 109.34 (12.29) [67 – 142] |
- | 107.66 (13.29) [51 – 142] |
- |
Reading compositeb | −1.91 (.42) [−3.0 to −1.44] |
- | 0.21 (.80) [−1.42 – 2.63] |
- | 0.00 (1.0) [−3.0 – 2.63] |
- |
TOWRE (z-score)c | ||||||
Australia | - | −1.43 (0.20) [−1.87 to −1.20] |
- | 0.18 (0.93) [−1.17 – 2.65] |
- | 0.04 (1.0) [−1.87 – 2.65] |
United States | - | −1.52 (0.26) [−2.12 to −1.19] |
- | 0.17 (0.89) [−1.18 – 3.00] |
- | −0.02 (1.0) [−2.12 – 3.0] |
Scandinavia | - | −1.44 (0.23) [−1.86 to −1.19] |
- | 0.14 (0.96) [−1.15 – 2.76] |
- | 0.0 (1.0) [−1.86 – 2.76] |
Sex | 57.8% male | 62.2% male | 48.7% male | 49.5% male | 49.6% male | 50.8% male |
Note. Standard deviations are presented in parentheses. Ranges are presented in brackets. CLDRC = Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center;
Mean of mother and father years of education.
Standardized composite of PIAT Reading Recognition and Time-Limited Word Recognition.
TOWRE z-scores are presented for each country and were computed by regressing each raw score for the four TOWRE subtests (Sight Word Efficiency A & B and Phonemic Decoding Efficiency A & B), onto age and age-squared, saving the standardized residual. We then standardized these residuals within country to control for country differences. Finally, we averaged the resulting four z-scores to obtain the TOWRE z-score.