Table 2.

Demographics for CLDRC (N=827) and ILTS (N=809)

Variable	Dyslexic		Non-dyslexic		Overall Sample
	CLDRC (n=83)	ILTS (n=82)	CLDRC (n=744)	ILTS (n=727)	CLDRC (n=827)	ILTS (n=809)
Age	11.66 (2.31) [8.15 – 18.24]	6.2 (0.35) [5.3 – 6.8]	11.39 (2.57) [7.98 – 19.19]	6.3 (0.37) [5.3 – 7.7]	11.42 (2.55) [7.98 – 19.19]	6.3 (0.38) [5.3 – 7.7]
Parental Educationa	13.73 (2.36) [9.0 – 20.0]	13.30 (2.18) [9.0 – 21.0]	15.11 (2.23) [9.0 – 21.5]	14.11 (2.30) [9.0 – 21.0]	14.98 (2.28) [9.0 – 21.5]	14.02 (2.30) [9.0 – 21.0]
Nonverbal IQ	96.02 (13.48) [46 – 128]	92.71 (13.95) [69.6 – 126.2]	106.84 (12.16) [68 – 147]	100.81 (14.90) [100.8 – 145.4]	105.75 (12.71) [46 – 147]	100.00 (15.00) [60.9 – 145.4]
Full Scale IQ	92.54 (12.39) [51 – 118]	-	109.34 (12.29) [67 – 142]	-	107.66 (13.29) [51 – 142]	-
Reading compositeb	−1.91 (.42) [−3.0 to −1.44]	-	0.21 (.80) [−1.42 – 2.63]	-	0.00 (1.0) [−3.0 – 2.63]	-
TOWRE (z-score)c
Australia	-	−1.43 (0.20) [−1.87 to −1.20]	-	0.18 (0.93) [−1.17 – 2.65]	-	0.04 (1.0) [−1.87 – 2.65]
United States	-	−1.52 (0.26) [−2.12 to −1.19]	-	0.17 (0.89) [−1.18 – 3.00]	-	−0.02 (1.0) [−2.12 – 3.0]
Scandinavia	-	−1.44 (0.23) [−1.86 to −1.19]	-	0.14 (0.96) [−1.15 – 2.76]	-	0.0 (1.0) [−1.86 – 2.76]
Sex	57.8% male	62.2% male	48.7% male	49.5% male	49.6% male	50.8% male

Note. Standard deviations are presented in parentheses. Ranges are presented in brackets. CLDRC = Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center;

^aMean of mother and father years of education.

^bStandardized composite of PIAT Reading Recognition and Time-Limited Word Recognition.

^cTOWRE z-scores are presented for each country and were computed by regressing each raw score for the four TOWRE subtests (Sight Word Efficiency A & B and Phonemic Decoding Efficiency A & B), onto age and age-squared, saving the standardized residual. We then standardized these residuals within country to control for country differences. Finally, we averaged the resulting four z-scores to obtain the TOWRE z-score.