Table 1.
Association between HPV1 E6 and/or E7 status with head and neck cancer risk factors.
| Risk Factors | Oral cavity cases (N = 170) | Oropharynx cases (N = 74) | Controls (N = 428) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPV E6/E7+ N (%) |
HPV E6/E7− N (%) |
Adjusted P value |
HPV E6/E7+ N (%) |
HPV E6/E7− N (%) |
Adjusted P value |
HPV E6/E+ N (%) |
HPV E6/E7− N (%) |
Adjusted P value | |
| HPV prevalence | 16 (9.4) | 154 (90.6) | 47 (63.5) | 27 (36.5) | 31 (7.2) | 397 (92.8) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Age3 | Oral cavity positive versus oropharyngeal positive: P value = 0.01; oral cavity negative versus oropharyngeal negative: P value = 0.33 | ||||||||
| Mean | 64.7 (3.6) | 61.2 (1.5) | 0.35 | 54.5 (2.1) | 58.2 (2.7) | 0.28 | 56.8 (2.7) | 58.1 (0.7) | 0.63 |
| Range | 45–86 | 21–93 | 36–82 | 29–85 | 18–77 | 22–93 | |||
| ≤55 | 6 (37.5) | 55 (35.7) | 0.96 | 29 (61.7) | 11 (40.7) | 0.05 | 14 (45.2) | 166 (41.8) | 0.83 |
| >55 | 10 (62.5) | 99 (64.3) | 18 (38.3) | 16 (59.3) | 17 (54.8) | 231 (58.2) | |||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 14 (87.5) | 79 (51.3) | 0.03 | 40 (85.1) | 19 (70.4) | 0.04 | 21 (67.7) | 247 (62.2) | 0.10 |
| Female | 2 (12.5) | 75 (48.7) | 7 (14.9) | 8 (29.6) | 10 (32.3) | 150 (37.8) | |||
| Education3 | |||||||||
| <12 | 5 (31.3) | 34 (22.4) | 0.58 | 5 (10.9) | 11 (40.7) | 0.07 | 2 (6.5) | 52 (13.1) | 0.87 |
| 12–15 | 9 (56.3) | 87 (57.2) | 0.50 | 32 (69.6) | 10 (37.0) | 0.51 | 18 (58.1) | 226 (57.1) | 0.61 |
| ≥16 | 2 (12.5) | 31 (20.4) | Ref | 9 (19.6) | 6 (22.2) | Ref | 11 (35.5) | 118 (29.8) | Ref |
| Tobacco4 | |||||||||
| Never | 3 (18.8) | 54 (35.3) | Ref | 8 (17.4) | 2 (7.4) | Ref | 10 (34.5) | 150 (37.9) | Ref |
| >0.0–30 | 3 (18.8) | 41 (26.8) | 0.59 | 19 (41.3) | 6 (22.2) | 0.85 | 15 (51.7) | 127 (32.1) | 0.24 |
| >30 | 10 (62.5) | 58 (37.9) | 9.94 | 19 (41.3) | 19 (70.4) | 0.37 | 4 (13.8) | 119 (30.1) | 0.24 |
| Alcohol5 | |||||||||
| Never | 3 (18.8) | 57 (37.3) | Ref | 6 (13.0) | 2 (7.4) | Ref | 14 (45.2) | 170 (43.0) | Ref |
| 1–21 | 5 (31.3) | 54 (35.3) | 0.92 | 27 (58.7) | 10 (37.0) | 0.67 | 15 (48.4) | 166 (42.0) | 0.95 |
| >21 | 8 (50.0) | 42 (27.5) | 0.64 | 13 (28.3) | 15 (55.6) | 0.14 | 2 (6.5) | 59 (14.9) | 0.30 |
| Number of Partners | |||||||||
| 0-1 | 6 (42.9) | 60 (42.9) | Ref | 3 (7.1) | 4 (16.7) | Ref | 10 (34.5) | 122 (32.3) | Ref |
| 2–10 | 5 (35.7) | 59 (42.1) | 0.56 | 23 (54.8) | 13 (54.2) | 0.55 | 16 (55.2) | 186 (49.2) | 0.64 |
| ≥11 | 3 (21.4) | 21 (15.0) | 0.66 | 16 (38.1) | 7 (29.2) | 0.70 | 3 (10.3) | 70 (18.5) | 0.21 |
| Oral-genital sex | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 (37.5) | 39 (49.4) | 0.83 | 24 (92.3) | 8 (50.0) | 0.02 | 16 (51.6) | 184 (53.8) | 0.27 |
| No | 5 (62.5) | 40 (50.6) | 2 (7.7) | 8 (50.0) | 15 (48.4) | 158 (46.2) | |||
| Stage | |||||||||
| I/II | 8 (50.0) | 58 (39.5) | Ref | 3 (6.8) | 5 (19.2) | Ref | |||
| III/IV | 8 (50.0) | 89 (60.5) | 0.30 | 41 (93.2) | 21 (80.8) | 0.19 | |||
| Grade | |||||||||
| Poor/undifferentiated | 5 (33.3) | 23 (16.2) | 0.13 | 25 (55.6) | 3 (12.5) | 0.004 | |||
| well/moderate | 10 (66.7) | 119 (83.8) | Ref | 20 (44.4) | 21 (87.5) | Ref | |||
| Nodal status | |||||||||
| Yes | 7 (43.7) | 54 (36.0) | 0.87 | 42 (89.4) | 20 (74.1) | 0.07 | |||
| No | 9 (56.3) | 96 (64.0) | Ref | 5 (10.6) | 7 (25.9) | Ref | |||
1Positive versus negative for HPV-16 or HPV-18 or HPV-33 E6 and/or E7 status; 2adjusted for age, gender, tobacco, and alcohol; 3years; 4pack-years; 5drinks/week.