Table 1.

The activities of antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress in kidney of WKY control, honey-treated WKY, SHR control, and honey-treated SHR.

	WKY control	WKY honey	SHR control	SHR honey
SOD (U/mg protein)	0.079 ± 0.004	0.071 ± 0.008	0.084 ± 0.006	0.082 ± 0.008
GPx (U/mg protein)	365.2 ± 10.8	356.9 ± 10.0	361.9 ± 6.7	366.0 ± 19.0
GR (U/mg protein)	172.2 ± 4.9	172.9 ± 2.4	177.8 ± 5.5	174.2 ± 8.2
GSH (nmol/mg protein)	0.192 ± 0.020	0.204 ± 0.01	0.219 ± 0.019	0.239 ± 0.033
GSSG (nmol/mg protein)	0.056 ± 0.006	0.064 ± 0.007	0.065 ± 0.006	0.065 ± 0.007
GSH/GSSG	3.46 ± 0.50	3.33 ± 0.31	3.44 ± 0.30	3.53 ± 0.61

Each group consisted of six to seven rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione. One unit of SOD is defined as the amount of enzyme required to exhibit 50% dismutation of superoxide radical. One unit of GPx/GR is defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1 nmol of NADPH per minute.