Figure 3.

The protective role of PON1 in atherosclerosis. Circulating monocytes are activated in an oxidant and inflammatory environment and become macrophages. This environment also promotes the oxidation of LDL particles, which are internalized into the macrophages that become foam cells. PON1 hydrolyzes oxidized lipids in LDL, reversing this lipoprotein to its natural status and, thus, inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis. PON1, by inhibiting the production of MCP-1, is anti-inflammatory and favors cholesterol efflux from macrophages.