Figure 10.

A: representative recording of tongue pressure at Chs. 1–7, integrated EMG of the masseter, submental, and infrahyoid muscles, signal to swallow, and swallowing sound, from which coordination of the tongue and oropharyngeal muscle activity was analyzed. B: coordination of tongue pressure produced at Ch. 1, activity of masseter, submental, and infrahyoid muscles, and swallowing sound during swallowing. The onset of tongue pressure at Ch. 1 was set to 0 seconds. ▵: signal to swallow; ▴: swallowing sound; •: onset; ▪: offset; * P < 0.05. Each timing of onset and offset was consistent with safe management of the bolus at the early, middle, and late stages of swallowing [48].