Table 1.

Ganoderma-specific visual symptoms used in the fields to classified the trees into the three levels of disease severity.

Infection degree	Evolution of stem conditions	Evolution of canopy structure
Level 1	Presence of mycelium in the stem bark, or crumbly wood	Yellowing or drying of some leaves. One or two new leaves remain as unopened spears.
Level 2	Presence of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) at the bottom of the stem	Apparition of leaf necrosis. Three to five new leaves remain as unopened spears. Declination of older leaves.
Level 3	Rotten stem	Largely spread leaf necrosis. No new leaf. No new bunch. «Skirt-like» shape of crown due to total leaf declination.