Fig. 2.

(a) Two investigations formed the basis for the Awakening and Breathing Controlled (ABC) trial. The first step in modern “weaning” programs is step A: spontaneous awakening trials (SATs), a daily interruption of sedatives and narcotics, which in this investigation reduced time on mechanical ventilation by 2 days. Adapted from Kress JP, et al. [151]. (b) The second step in modern day “weaning” protocols is step B: spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs), a daily interruption of the provision of ventilator support, such as turning the settings to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), was shown in this investigation to reduce time on mechanical ventilation by 2 days. Adapted from Ely EW, et al. [153]