Fig. 1.

The effect of NAC-AITC on cell survival and proliferation. NAC-AITC was evaluated in both UM-UC-3 cells and AY-27 cells. (A) Chemical structures of AITC and NAC-AITC. (B) Cell growth and proliferation, measured by 3-(4,6-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 72 h treatment with AITC or NAC-AITC at indicated concentrations. IC₅₀ was calculated from the non-linear regression curve fit. (C) Apoptosis, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 24 h NAC-AITC treatment at 15 μM. (D) Cell cycle (open bars, G₁; shaded bars, S; closed bars, G₂/M), measured by flow cytometry, 24 h NAC-AITC treatment at 15 μM. *P < 0.005, compared with control.