Mitochondrial dysfunction in p62−/− mice. (A) The rate of oxidant generation in mitochondria purified from brains and livers of 10-week-old p62+/+ and p62−/− male mice (n=4 for group, *P<0.01). (B) The state 2 and state 3 respiration rates of mitochondria isolated from the livers of p62+/+ and p62−/− male mice (n=5 per group, *P<0.05). (C) Electron microscopical analysis of the cardiac muscles of 32-week-old p62+/+ and p62−/− mice. (D) Relative rates of oxidant generation in liver mitochondria of p62+/+ and p62−/− mice at three different ages. Data are expressed as percentage of the rate in 20-week-old male wild-type mice (n=4–6 per group, *P<0.05). (E) Appearance of two PCR products of mitochondrial DNA, 989 and 846 bp, corresponding to age-associated deletions at 9089–12956 and 9553–13279, respectively. As a control, PCR products of an ageing-resistant mitochondrial DNA segment (12S rRNA) are also presented. (F) Oxygen consumptions during the light cycle of the 7-, 12-, 27- and 40-week-old p62+/+ and p62−/− mice (n=5 per group, *P<0.01). H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; VO2, oxygen consumption.