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. 2011 Jul 1;1(3):231–239. doi: 10.4161/spmg.1.3.18019

Figure 2.

Figure 2

A schematic diagram depicts the effects of EDCs on HPG axis. (A) EDCs modulated the neural circuit in hypothalamus (KiSS-1/GPR54 and HPG axis) leading to the dysregulation of gonadotrophin hormones (FSH/LH) secretion by the pituitary. (B) In the testis, EDC exposure caused the reduction in the expression of gonadotrophin receptors (LHr and FSHr). (C) EDCs interfered with the enzymes (StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD) involved in steroidogenesis. (D) In addition to the reduction of testosterone level, oxidative stress elicited by EDCs caused disruption of cell-cell interaction and perturbed the process of spermatogenesis.