Table 1.

Study 1 Actual versus perceived injunctive gambling norms where the reference group is “other students”

	Actual Injunctive Norm How do you feel about other students when they…		Perceived Injunctive Norm How do you think most UW students feel about other students when they…		t
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Gamble sometimes.	3.45	0.81	3.51	0.68	−3.75***
Gamble often.	2.53	0.88	2.81	0.78	−14.59***
Go to places where gambling occurs.	3.35	0.79	3.43	0.73	−4.85***
Spend $20 or more/week on gambling.	2.59	0.90	2.91	0.79	−15.33***
Spend $100 or more/week on gambling.	1.79	0.83	2.17	0.81	−19.63***
Play poker machines.	2.97	0.86	3.28	0.74	−17.15***
Buy lottery tickets.	3.31	0.88	3.50	0.78	−10.23***
Gamble instead of doing homework.	1.80	0.76	2.23	0.76	−22.45***
Charge gambling debt to credit cards.	1.51	0.72	1.99	0.76	−27.96***
Borrow money to gamble with.	1.44	0.68	1.93	0.76	−28.30***
Return another day to win back money lost gambling.	1.91	0.85	1.93	0.76	−1.12
Gamble with more money than intended.	1.99	0.77	2.32	0.79	−17.12***
Miss school because of gambling.	1.52	0.70	1.95	0.78	−23.76***
Miss work because of gambling.	1.42	0.63	1.79	0.71	−22.95***
Neglect responsibilities in order to gamble.	1.41	0.62	1.78	0.69	−23.51***
Use money needed for other things (e.g., rent or tuition) to gamble.	1.34	0.61	1.66	0.70	−21.25***

Note. N’s ranged from 2472 to 2509 depending on missing data.

^***P < .001