Table 2.
Prevalence of Analgesic Use According to Detection of Urinary Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Metabolites and According to Self-Reports Among Male Participants, by Country and Age Group, International Study of Macro-/Micro-Nutrients and Blood Pressure, 1996–1999
| Source of Data on Analgesic Use | Country and Age Group, years |
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| Japan (n = 570) |
China (n = 416) |
United Kingdom (n = 265) |
United States (n = 1,085) |
Total (All Ages) (n = 2,336) |
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| 40–49 (n = 287) |
50–59 (n = 283) |
40–49 (n = 210) |
50–59 (n = 206) |
40–49 (n = 133) |
50–59 (n = 132) |
40–49 (n = 535) |
50–59 (n = 550) |
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| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| Acetaminophen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 3 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.7 | 7 | 3.3 | 4 | 1.9 | 11 | 8.3 | 13 | 9.8 | 37 | 6.9 | 48 | 8.7 | 125 | 5.4 |
| Second urine specimen | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.9 | 10 | 7.5 | 14 | 10.6 | 42 | 7.9 | 51 | 9.3 | 128 | 5.5 |
| First or second urine specimen | 5 | 1.7 | 2 | 0.7 | 11 | 5.2 | 7 | 3.4 | 16 | 12.0 | 23 | 17.4 | 64 | 12.0 | 78 | 14.2 | 206 | 8.8 |
| First and second urine specimens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 5 | 3.8 | 4 | 3.0 | 15 | 2.8 | 21 | 3.8 | 47 | 2.0 |
| Ibuprofen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 25 | 4.7 | 39 | 7.1 | 69 | 3.0 |
| Second urine specimen | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.0 | 4 | 3.0 | 4 | 3.0 | 28 | 5.2 | 41 | 7.5 | 83 | 3.6 |
| First or second urine specimen | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 3.8 | 4 | 3.0 | 44 | 8.2 | 62 | 11.3 | 122 | 5.2 |
| First and second urine specimens | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.8 | 9 | 1.7 | 18 | 3.3 | 30 | 1.3 |
| Acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 3 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.1 | 8 | 3.8 | 4 | 1.9 | 13 | 9.8 | 14 | 10.6 | 60 | 11.2 | 84 | 15.3 | 189 | 8.1 |
| Second urine specimen | 4 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 6 | 2.9 | 6 | 2.9 | 13 | 9.8 | 18 | 13.6 | 67 | 12.5 | 88 | 16.0 | 203 | 8.7 |
| First or second urine specimen | 7 | 2.4 | 3 | 1.1 | 13 | 6.2 | 9 | 4.4 | 20 | 15.0 | 27 | 20.5 | 99 | 18.5 | 131 | 23.8 | 309 | 13.2 |
| First and second urine specimens | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 6 | 4.5 | 5 | 3.8 | 28 | 5.2 | 41 | 7.5 | 83 | 3.6 |
| Self-reported analgesic use | ||||||||||||||||||
| First clinic visit | 2 | 0.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.4 | 5 | 2.4 | 10 | 7.5 | 15 | 11.4 | 42 | 7.9 | 87 | 15.8 | 168 | 7.2 |
| Third clinic visit | 2 | 0.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 4 | 1.9 | 6 | 2.9 | 7 | 5.3 | 10 | 7.6 | 43 | 8.0 | 91 | 16.5 | 167 | 7.1 |
| First or third clinic visit | 4 | 1.4 | 6 | 2.1 | 7 | 3.3 | 11 | 5.3 | 13 | 9.8 | 15 | 11.4 | 58 | 10.8 | 114 | 20.7 | 228 | 9.8 |
| First and third clinic visits | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3.0 | 10 | 7.6 | 27 | 5.0 | 64 | 11.6 | 107 | 4.6 |
Abbreviation: 1H NMR, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance.