Table 3.
Prevalence of Analgesic Use According to Detection of Urinary Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Metabolites and According to Self-Reports Among Female Participants, by Country and Age Group, International Study of Macro-/Micro-Nutrients and Blood Pressure, 1996–1999
| Source of Data on Analgesic Use | Country and Age Group, years |
|||||||||||||||||
| Japan (n = 568) |
China (n = 416) |
United Kingdom (n = 231) |
United States (n = 1,079) |
Total (All Ages) (n = 2,294) |
||||||||||||||
| 40–49 (n = 291) |
50–59 (n = 277) |
40–49 (n = 212) |
50–59 (n = 204) |
40–49 (n = 128) |
50–59 (n = 103) |
40–49 (n = 541) |
50–59 (n = 538) |
|||||||||||
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| Acetaminophen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 7 | 2.4 | 8 | 2.9 | 5 | 2.4 | 7 | 3.4 | 19 | 14.8 | 18 | 17.5 | 62 | 11.5 | 73 | 13.6 | 199 | 8.7 |
| Second urine specimen | 8 | 2.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 6 | 2.8 | 3 | 1.5 | 17 | 13.3 | 22 | 21.4 | 54 | 10.0 | 78 | 14.5 | 192 | 8.4 |
| First or second urine specimen | 13 | 4.5 | 11 | 4.0 | 10 | 4.7 | 10 | 4.9 | 32 | 25.0 | 30 | 29.1 | 90 | 16.6 | 118 | 21.9 | 314 | 13.7 |
| First and second urine specimens | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3.1 | 10 | 9.7 | 26 | 4.8 | 33 | 6.1 | 77 | 3.4 |
| Ibuprofen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1.5 | 3 | 2.3 | 4 | 3.9 | 43 | 7.9 | 54 | 10.0 | 107 | 4.7 |
| Second urine specimen | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 3 | 2.3 | 4 | 3.9 | 55 | 10.2 | 57 | 10.6 | 123 | 5.4 |
| First or second urine specimen | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.5 | 5 | 3.9 | 6 | 5.8 | 75 | 13.9 | 83 | 15.4 | 175 | 7.6 |
| First and second urine specimens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.9 | 23 | 4.3 | 28 | 5.2 | 55 | 2.4 |
| Acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen signals in 1H NMR urine spectra | ||||||||||||||||||
| First urine specimen | 7 | 2.4 | 8 | 2.9 | 5 | 2.4 | 10 | 4.9 | 22 | 17.2 | 21 | 20.4 | 100 | 18.5 | 123 | 22.9 | 296 | 12.9 |
| Second urine specimen | 9 | 3.1 | 4 | 1.4 | 8 | 3.8 | 4 | 2.0 | 20 | 15.6 | 25 | 24.3 | 107 | 19.8 | 127 | 23.6 | 304 | 13.3 |
| First or second urine specimen | 14 | 4.8 | 11 | 4.0 | 12 | 5.7 | 13 | 6.4 | 36 | 28.1 | 35 | 34.0 | 153 | 28.3 | 186 | 34.6 | 460 | 20.1 |
| First and second urine specimens | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 6 | 4.7 | 11 | 10.7 | 54 | 10.0 | 64 | 11.9 | 140 | 6.1 |
| Self-reported analgesic use | ||||||||||||||||||
| First clinic visit | 5 | 1.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 5 | 2.4 | 6 | 2.9 | 6 | 4.7 | 8 | 7.8 | 50 | 9.2 | 87 | 16.2 | 171 | 7.5 |
| Third clinic visit | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.7 | 6 | 2.8 | 14 | 6.9 | 7 | 5.5 | 11 | 10.7 | 51 | 9.4 | 79 | 14.7 | 172 | 7.5 |
| First or third clinic visit | 5 | 1.7 | 5 | 1.8 | 10 | 4.7 | 18 | 8.8 | 10 | 7.8 | 15 | 14.6 | 71 | 13.1 | 106 | 19.7 | 240 | 10.5 |
| First and third clinic visits | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.0 | 3 | 2.3 | 4 | 3.9 | 30 | 5.5 | 60 | 11.2 | 103 | 4.5 |
Abbreviation: 1H NMR, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance.