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(A) EWOD microchip with four concentric heaters (dashed circle) with a maximum volume of 17 μL. Inset shows magnified area of the heater with four concentric individually controlled resistive heating rings. (B) Schematic side view of the EWOD chip sandwiching a reaction droplet between two plates coated with ITO electrodes, a dielectric layer, and a hydrophobic layer of Cytop (not to scale).
