Table 4.
Risk factors associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
| MTCT rate (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI), P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IDU history | |||
| No | 205/3485 (5.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 91/843 (10.8%) | 1.94 (1.49–2.51) | 1.32 (1.00–1.75) P = 0.049 |
| Premature delivery | |||
| No | 247/3976 (6.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 49/352 (13.9%) | 2.44 (1.76–3.39) | 1.61 (0.13–2.29) P = 0.08 |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal | 223/2676 (8.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Emergency CS | 10/190 (5.3%) | 0.61 (0.32–1.17) | 0.69 (0.35–1.34) P = 0.28 |
| Elective CS | 63/1462 (4.3%) | 0.50 (0.37–0.66) | 0.71 (0.18–0.96) P = 0.03 |
| AN/IP PMTCT prophylaxis | |||
| None | 48/220 (21.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| sdNVP | 81/571 (14.2%) | 0.59 (0.40–0.88) | 0.61 (0.35–0.91) P = 0.01 |
| ZDV | 75/1761 (4.3%) | 0.16 (0.11–0.24) | 0.21 (0.14–0.31) P < 0.001 |
| ZDV with sdNVP | 85/1193 (7.1%) | 0.28 (0.19–0.41) | 0.36 (0.24–0.54) P < 0.001 |
| HAART | 7/583 (1.2%) | 0.04 (0.02–0.10) | 0.06 (0.02–0.13) P < 0.001 |
AN: antenatal; IP: intrapartum; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; CS: caesarean section; IDU: injecting drug use; HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy; PMTCT: prevention of mother-to-child transmission; sdNVP: single-dose nevirapine; ZDV: zidovudine.