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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2009 Jul 22;302(4):412–423. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1063

Table 2.

Summary of Available Data and Correlates of Lp(a) Levels

Summary of Available Data
 Correlates of Lp(a)
No. of
Studies		 No. of
Participants		 Mean (SD)
or %		 Pearson Correlation
r (95% CI)a 		Percentage Difference (96% CI) in Lp(a)
Levels per 1 SD Higher or Compared
With Reference Category of Correlateb
Loge Lp(a), mg/dLc 36 126 634 2.37 (1.25)
Age at survey, y 36 126 634 57 (8) 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) 2 (0 to 3)
Sex 36 126 634
 
 Male 34 66 250 52 Reference
 
 Female 21 60 384 48 12 (8 to 16)
Race 26 91 706
 
 White 26 85 046 93 Reference
 
 Black 11 6223 7 119 (84 to 161)
Smoking status 35 122 994
 
 Never/former 35 89 658 73 Reference
 
 Current 34 33 336 27 0 (−2 to 3)
History of diabetes 36 121 027
 
 No 35 113 991 94 Reference
 
 Yes 34 7036 6 −11 (−17 to −4)
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg 35 120 643 134 (18) 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) 1 (0 to 2)
Body mass indexd 35 123 740 26 (5) −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00) −4 (−6 to −1)
Lipid markers, mg/dL
 Total cholestrol 36 126 128 228 (42) 0.12 (0.10 to 0.13) 16 (14 to 18)
 
 HDL-C 33 114889 49 (15) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) 4 (2 to 6)
 
 Non–HDL-C 33 114876 178 (42) 0.11 (0.09 to 0.13) 14 (12 to 17)
 
 Loge triglyceridesc 35 124 232 4.85 (0.51) −0.05 (−0.07 to −0.02) −6 (−9 to −3)
 
 Apolipoprotein AI 21 91 480 151 (29) 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04) 1 (−1 to 4)
 
 Apolipoprotein B 23 93 058 108 (28) 0.11 (0.09 to 0.13) 15 (11 to 18)
Inflammatory markers
 Loge C-reactive protein, mg/Lc 27 78 153 0.62 (1.12) 0.03 (0.01 to 0.05) 4 (2 to 6)
 
 Fibrinogen, mg/dL 25 101 346 326 (78) 0.08 (0.06 to 0.10) 11 (8 to 15)

SI conversions: To convert total cholesterol, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; apolipoproteins to g/L, multiply by 0.01; C-reactive protein to nmol/L, multiply by 9.524; and fibrinogen to μmol/L, multiply by 0.0294.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a).

a

Pearson correlation coefficients between loge, Lp(a) and the row variables, pooled across studies using random-effects meta-analysis.

b

Percentage change in Lp(a) levels per 1-SD increase in the variable (or for categorical variables, the percentage difference in mean Lp[a] levels for the category vs the reference), adjusted for age and sex and allowing for random effects across studies.

c

Median (interquartile range) values were for Lp(a), 12.6 mg/dL (4.9-32.1 mg/dL); triglycerides, 120 mg/dL (86-173 mg/dL); and C-reactive protein, 1.75 mg/L (0.82-3.87 mg/L).

d

Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.