Table 2.
Risk outcomes at 9.5 years according to fourths of weight, length and MUAC at birth. Values given are mean (s.d.) or geometric meana (inter quartile range) and regression co-efficients (95% CI)
| Glucose ‘0’ (mmol/l) | P | Insulin ‘120’ (pmol/l)a | P | HOMAa | P | Systolic BP (mmHg) | P | Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | P | Triglyceride (mmol/l) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||||||
| Low | 4.7 (0.4) | 103 (72, 150) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 101 (8) | 3.7 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.4) | ||||||
| 4.8 (0.4) | 103 (70, 161) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.2) | 101 (9) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.3) | |||||||
| 4.7 (0.3) | 98 (65, 158) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 101 (8) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.4) | |||||||
| High | 4.6 (0.4) | 98 (56, 169) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 101 (10) | 3.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.3) | ||||||
| β1 (95%CI) | −0.1 (−0.2, −0.02) | 0.01 | 0.04 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.6 | 0.01 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.8 | −0.2 (−2.0, 1.6) | 0.8 | 0.04 (−0.1, 0.3) | 0.5 | −0.1 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.1 |
| β2 (95%CI) | −0.1 (−0.2, −0.04) | 0.003 | −0.2 (−0.3, −0.04) | 0.02 | −0.2 (−0.3, −0.06) | 0.004 | −3.1 (−4.9, −1.4) | 0.001 | 0.04 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.6 | −0.1 (−0.2, −0.01) | 0.02 |
| β3 (95%CI) | −0.2 (−0.3, −0.1) | 0.001 | −0.2 (−0.4, 0.0002) | 0.05 | −0.2 (−0.4, −0.1) | 0.009 | −3.5 (−4.9, −1.4) | 0.001 | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) | 0.4 | −0.1 (−0.2, −0.01) | 0.02 |
| Length (cm) | ||||||||||||
| Low | 4.7 (0.4) | 108 (74, 173) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 101 (8) | 3.8 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.4) | ||||||
| 4.7 (0.4) | 102 (69, 158) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 101 (8) | 3.8 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.4) | |||||||
| 4.7 (0.4) | 103 (71, 158) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 101 (9) | 4.0 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.3) | |||||||
| High | 4.7 (0.4) | 90 (53, 158) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 101 (10) | 3.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.3) | ||||||
| β1 (95%CI) | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | 0.01 | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) | 0.2 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.5 | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.3) | 0.7 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.5 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.3 |
| β2 (95%CI) | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | 0.003 | −0.05 (−0.1, −0.03) | <0.001 | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.02) | 0.001 | −0.6 (−0.9, −0.2) | 0.001 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.6 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.003) | 0.1 |
| β3 (95%CI) | −0.04 (−0.06, −0.02) | <0.001 | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | 0.001 | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | 0.002 | −0.6 (−1.0, −0.2) | 0.005 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.2 | 0.002 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.9 |
| MUAC (cm) | ||||||||||||
| Low | 4.8 (0.3) | 100 (67, 152) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 102 (8) | 3.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.4) | ||||||
| 4.8 (0.4) | 105 (70, 161) | 0.8 (.5, 1.1) | 101 (8) | 3.9 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.4) | |||||||
| 4.6 (0.4) | 93 (70, 155) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 100 (8) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.4) | |||||||
| High | 4.7 (0.4) | 104 (60, 174) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 102 (10) | 3.9 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.3) | ||||||
| β1 (95%CI) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.01) | 0.01 | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) | 0.2 | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.08) | 0.4 | 0.3 (−0.6, 1.1) | 0.6 | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.4 | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.02) | 0.4 |
| β2 (95%CI) | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | 0.003 | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.02) | 0.2 | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.01) | 0.09 | −0.8 (−1.6, −0.002) | 0.055 | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.10) | 0.4 | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.01) | 0.2 |
| β3 (95%CI) | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.01) | 0.001 | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.06) | 0.4 | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.02) | 0.2 | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.1) | 0.03 | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.1) | 0.2 | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.04) | 0.6 |
MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
a
Logged variable: β1, regression co-efficients adjusted for sex and age; β2, regression co-efficients adjusted for sex, age and body weight at 9.5 years; β3, regression co-efficients after excluding offspring of diabetic parents and adjusted for sex, age and body weight at 9.5 years.