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letter
. 2011 Nov 16;32(2):242–247. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.160

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) preconditioning protects against both cerebral and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. (A) Poly-ICLC preconditioning is neuroprotective in modeled ischemia in vitro. Mixed cortical cultures were preconditioned with poly-ICLC (1 to 1,000 ng/ml) 24 hours before 3-hour oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Cell death was determined by propidium iodide staining 24 hours after OGD. A representative example of three independent experiments is shown. Values are group means±s.e.m.; **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 versus vehicle control by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's post hoc test. (B–F) Poly-ICLC preconditioning is neuroprotective in an experimental model of stroke in vivo. Mice were administered poly-ICLC (0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or appropriate vehicle subcutaneously 3 days before 45-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (n=9 to 10/group). Extent of brain injury was assessed by measuring infarct volume 24 hours after MCAO. Neurologic outcomes were evaluated and motor deficits were quantified using the corner test. Representative images of 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained brain sections from vehicle-treated (B, top) and poly-ICLC-treated (B, bottom) animals. Collective infarct volume (C) is shown as group box and whisker (min/max) while neurologic score (D) and corner test score (E) values reflect means±s.e.m. (E) Shaded horizontal bar shows corner test score range for naive mice. For the extended recovery, experiment mice were administered poly-IC (1 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally 3 days before 45-minute MCAO (n=8 to 10/group). Damage to the brain was assessed by measuring infarct volume 72 hours after MCAO. Collective infarct volume (F) values represent group box and whisker (min/max); *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 by Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test. (G) Poly-IC preconditioning treatment improves renal function after ischemia. Mice were administered poly-IC (1.6 mg/kg), LPS (1.6 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally 48 hours before renal ischemia (n=6/group). Creatinine levels were measured in whole blood samples taken before and 48 hours after renal ischemia challenge. Values given as fold increase over baseline; ***P<0.001 by ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test.