Table 5.
Individual groups one year after randomisation
| Outcomes | Mean (SD) control (no exercise) | Massage | 6 lessons in Alexander technique | 24 lessons in Alexander technique | Exercise | Exercise+massage | Exercise+6 lessons in Alexander technique | Exercise+24 lessons in Alexander technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||
| Roland disability score | 9.23 (5.3) | -0.45 (-2.3 to 1.39), P=0.629) | -1.44 (-3.34 to 0.45), P=0.135 | -4.14 (-6.01 to -2.27), P<0.001 | -1.65 (-3.62 to 0.31), P=0.099 | -2.37 (-4.28 to -0.47), P=0.015 | -2.98 (-4.88 to -1.07), P=0.002 | -4.22 (-6.13 to -2.31), P=0.002 |
| Median (95% CI) No of days with back pain in past 4 weeks | 23 (14 to 28) | -8 (-20 to 4), P=0.178 | -13 (-25 to -1), P=0.034 | -20 (-28 to -8), P=0.001 | -11 (-23 to -1), P=0.084 | -11 (-23 to -1), P=0.080 | -13 (-25 to -1), P=0.031 | -20 (-28 to -8), P=0.001 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Modified enablement scale | 3.38 (1.20) | 1.31 (0.88 to 1.75, P<0.001 | 1.53 (0.97 to 2.08), P<0.001 | 2.19 (1.69 to 2.69), P<0.001 | 0.89 (0.31 to 1.48), P<0.001 | 2.10 (1.60 to 2.59), P<0.001 | 1.91 (1.46 to 2.36), P<0.001 | 2.24 (1.78 to 2.69), P<0.001 |
| SF-36: quality of life physical | 56.1 (18.6) | -1.45 (-9.04 to 6.15), P=0.708 | 2.04 (-5.58 to 9.67), P=0.599 | 11.83 (4.24 to 19.4), P=0.002 | -2.08 (-10.6 to 6.40), P=0.629 | 3.63 (-4.13 to 11.4), P=0.358 | 8.53 (0.86 to 16.20), P=0.029 | 9.43 (1.88 to 16.97), P=0.015 |
| SF-36: quality of life mental | 64.8 (17.5) | -2.11 (-9.37 to 5.16), P=0.569 | 4.10 (-3.27 to 11.5), P=0.274 | 3.74 (-3.56 to 11.0), P=0.314 | 0.72 (-7.38 to 8.81), P=0.862 | 2.73 (-4.69 to 10.1), P=0.470 | 0.64 (-6.79 to 8.07), P=0.866 | 4.99 (-2.31 to 12.3), P=0.180 |
| Von Korff overall: | 4.19 (2.11) | 0.31 (-0.52 to 1.14), P=0.464 | -0.30 (-1.13 to 0.53), P=0.483 | -1.10 (-1.92 to -0.28), P=0.009 | -0.19 (-1.09 to 0.72), P=0.684 | -0.61 (-1.46 to 0.23), P=0.154 | -1.17 (-2.01 to -0.33), P=0.007 | -1.44 (-2.26 to -0.61), P=0.001 |
| Von Korff disability | 3.32 (2.25) | 0.46(-0.43 to 1.35), P=0.313 | -0.08 (-0.97 to 0.81), P=0.854 | -0.78 (-1.66 to 0.09), P=0.079 | 0.05 (-0.92 to 1.02), P=0.924 | -0.45 (-1.36 to 0.45), P=0.324 | -1.11 (-2.02 to -0.22), P=0.016 | -1.14 (-2.03 to -0.26), P=0.011 |
| Von Korff pain | 4.74 (2.20) | 0.29 (-0.58 to 1.16), P=0.510 | -0.44 (-1.31 to 0.44), P=0.327 | -1.32 (-2.18 to -0.26), P=0.003 | -0.31 (-1.26 to 0.63), P=0.516 | -0.66 (-1.55 to 0.22), P=0.140 | -1.08 (-1.96 to -0.20), P=0.017 | -1.63 (-2.49 to -0.76), P<0.001 |
| Back health transition | 3.93 (1.15) | -0.53 (-0.95 to -0.12), P=0.012 | -0.55 (-0.98 to -0.12), P=0.013 | -1.11 (-1.54 to -0.68), P<0.001 | -0.55 (-1.0 to -0.1), P=0.017 | -1.29 (-1.72 to -0.86), P<0.001 | -1.10 (-1.52 to -0.67), P<0.001 | -1.38 (-1.80 to -0.95), P<0.001 |
| Deyo troublesomeness | 3.05 (0.80) | 0.04 (-0.25 to 0.33), P=0.771 | -0.13 (-0.42 to 0.16), P=0.380 | -0.46 (-0.76 to -0.17), P=0.002 | -0.21 (-0.52 to 0.09), P=0.175 | -0.15 (-0.45 to 0.15), P=0.324 | -0.40 (-0.70 to -0.11), P=0.007 | -0.42 (-0.72 to -0.12), P=0.006 |
| Fear avoidance for physical activity | 14.5 (5.35) | -0.88 (-3.05 to 1.29), P=0.427 | -0.92 (-3.11 to 1.26), P=0.405 | -3.00 (-5.19 to -0.80), P=0.008 | -2.41 (-4.84 to 0.02), P=0.052 | -1.84 (-4.07 to 0.38), P=0.104 | -4.23 (-6.43 to -2.03), P<0.001 | -3.90 (-6.06 to -1.74), P<0.001 |
| Back health | 3.07 (1.46) | 0.94 (0.35 to 1.53), P=0.002 | 1.22 (0.63 to 1.81), P<0.001 | 2.01 (1.43 to 2.60), P<0.001 | 0.72 (0.06 to 1.39), P=0.033 | 2.05 (1.45 to 2.64), P<0.001 | 2.03 (1.43 to 2.63), P<0.001 | 2.34 (1.75 to 2.93), P<0.001 |
See table 3 for definitions of scores.