Table 2.

Characteristics of hepatic arterial embolization for NET metastases.

Indications
Hepatic metastases of NET
Nonoperative candidates
Symptomatic and asymptomatic tumors
Contraindications
Main portal vein thrombosis
Bilirubin greater than 2-3 mg/dL
Hepatic tumor burden greater than 75%
Contraindications to angiography
Outcomes
Mortality 0–6%
Median OS 25–56 months
5-yr survival 13–28%
Common chemotherapeutic agents
None (bland embolization)
Doxorubicin
Mitomycin C
Cisplatin
Most frequent complications
Postembolization syndrome
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic failure
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Indications for repeat embolization
Increase in tumor size or tumor enhancement
Progression of symptoms