Table 4.

Secondary (gammaproteobacterial) endosymbiont 16S ribosomal sequences used in Fig. 5^a

Common name	Species used for isolation	16S Gamma NCBI accession no.	Tree annotationb	Gammaproteobacterium
Aphid	Acyrthosiphon pisum	M27039	ApisP	Buchnera aphidicola
Aphid	Acyrthosiphon pisum	AF293616	Apis1	“Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa”
Aphid	Acyrthosiphon pisum	AF293618	Apis2	“Candidatus Regiella insecticola”
Aphid	Acyrthosiphon pisum	AB033777	Apis3	“Candidatus Serratia” symbiotic
Bloodsucking fly	Craterina melbae	EF174495	Cmel	Sodalis sp.
Carpenter ant	Camponotus floridanus	X92549	Cflo	“Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus”
Carpenter ant	Camponotus herculeanus	X92550	Cher	“Candidatus Blochmannia herculeanus”
	Free-living bacterium	NC_012660	Pflu	Pseudomonas fluorescens
	Free-living bacterium	AP009048	Ecol	Escherichia coli W3110
	Free-living bacterium	AJ294747	Tvir	Thalassomonas viridians
	Free-iving bacterium	X74694	Vcho	Vibrio cholerae
Jewel wasp	Nasonia vitripennis	M90801	Nvit	Arsenophonus nasoniae
Mealybug	Antonina pretiosa	AF476101	Apre
Mealybug	Amonostherium lichtensioides	AF476100	Alic
Mealybug	Antonina crawii	AB030020	Acra
Mealybug	Australicoccus grevilleae	AF476099	Agre
Mealybug	Cyphonococcus alpines	AF476102	Calp
Mealybug	Dysmicoccus brevipes	AF476103	Dbre
Mealybug	Dysmicoccus neobrevipes	AF476104	Dneo
Mealybug	Erium globosum	AF476105	Eglo
Mealybug	Melanococcus albizziae	AF476106	Malb
Mealybug	Paracoccus nothofagicola	AF476109	Pnot
Mealybug	Planococcus citri	AF322016	Pcit
Mealybug	Planococcus ficus	AF476108	Pfic
Mealybug	Planococcus kraunhiae	AB374417	Pkra
Mealybug	Pseudococcus calceolariae	JN182338	Pcal1-1
Mealybug	Pseudococcus calceolariae	JN182339	Pcal1-2
Mealybug	Pseudococcus comstocki	AB374418	Pcom
Mealybug	Pseudococcus longispinus	EU727120	Plon
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182340	Pvib1-3
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182341	Pvib1-2
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182342	Pvib1-1
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182343	Pvib2-3
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182344	Pvib2-1
Mealybug	Pseudococcus viburni	JN182345	Pvib2-2
Mealybug	Vryburgia amaryllidis	AF476110	Vama
Sharpshooter	Homalodisca coagulata	AF465793	Hcoa	“Candidatus Baumannia cicadellinicola”
Tsetse fly	Glossina brevipalpis	AP008232	Gbre1	Sodalis glossinidius strain Morsitans
Tsetse fly	Glossina brevipalpis	BA000021	Gbre2	Wigglesworthia glossinidia
Weevil	Sitophilus oryzae	AF005235	SoryP
Whitefly	Bemisia tabaci	Z11925	BtabP	“Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum”

^aAll sequences except three from free-living gammaproteobacteria are those of the 16S RNA gene from the gammaproteobacterial symbiont isolated from the named insect species. The 16S ribosomal sequence from the free-living gammaproteobacterium E. coli (NCBI W3110) was used as the outgroup.

^bKnown P-endosymbionts are annotated with the suffix “P.” Sequences from individual insects (this study) are annotated as x-y, where x is individual insect and y is independent sequence.