Table 3.
Species of lactic acid bacteria identified from sourdoughs used for the manufacture of traditional/typical Italian breadsa
| Sourdoughsb | Isolatesc | Clusterd | Closest relative (% identity)e | GenBank accession no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pane di Altamura PDO | AC13 (AD11p) | UC | Weissella cibaria (99) | JN845527 |
| AC1 (AD5) | XXIII | W. cibaria (99) | JN851736 | |
| AA25 (AB1) | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851737 | |
| AA22 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851738 | |
| AA3 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851739 | |
| AB15 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851740 | |
| AB24 (AD16, AB7, AD8, AC9) | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851741 | |
| AA1 (AB3) | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851742 | |
| AA6 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN863639 | |
| AA12 (AD6) | UC | W. confusa (100) | JN851743 | |
| AC26 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851745 | |
| AA15 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN863637 | |
| AA10 | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851746 | |
| AC22p | UC | W. cibaria (99) | JN851744 | |
| Pane di Laterza | BA1 (BA2) | UC | Leuconostoc citreum (99) | JN851747 |
| BC18 | II | Ln. citreum (99) | JN851748 | |
| BB23 (BB22, BB21) | I | Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851749 | |
| BB28 (BB6) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851750 | |
| BC9 | I | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851751 | |
| BB1 (BA13, BA17g, BA14, BA10) | I | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863640 | |
| BC1 (BC2, BC3) | I | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863641 | |
| BD10 (BD9, BD8) | UC | Ln. citreum (99) | JN863643 | |
| BD4 (BD3) | UC | Ln. citreum (99) | JN863642 | |
| Pane di Matera PGI | CA1 (CA8) | XXIII | Ln. citreum (99) | JN851752 |
| CA10 (CA9, CB3) | XXIII | Ln. citreum (99) | JN851753 | |
| CA25 (CB8, CB11, CB20, CB23, CC21, CC25, CD2, CD12) | XVIII | Ln. citreum (99) | JN863680 | |
| CD5 (CD1) | XVII | Ln. citreum (99) | JN863644 | |
| CD14 (CA14, CC6, CC12) | XVIII | Lactobacillus plantarum (100) | JN863645 | |
| DA13 (DA23, DB1, DC6, DB8, DC17, DC3, DB3, DC24, DC9, DC2) | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851754 | |
| DA2 | XVII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851755 | |
| DB2 (DB17) | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851756 | |
| DA4 | XXII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863646 | |
| DB6 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851757 | |
| DC5 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851758 | |
| DC7 | IV | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851759 | |
| DA6 | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863647 | |
| Pane Casereccio di Reggio Calabria | EA15 | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851760 |
| EA8 | UC | Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN851761 | |
| EA1 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851769 | |
| EB3 (EC4) | III | Lactobacillus sakei (99) | JN851762 | |
| EC7 (EC8) | III | L. sakei (99) | JN851763 | |
| EB7 | IV | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN851764 | |
| EB10 | XIV | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN851765 | |
| EC19 (ED3, ED12, EB9, EA19) | XVI | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN851766 | |
| EA6 (EA5, EC1) | UC | L. sakei (99) | JN863648 | |
| EB27 | XIV | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN863649 | |
| ED4 (ED1, ED2) | UC | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN863681 | |
| Pane Casereccio del Molise | FA22 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851767 |
| FA30 (FB13) | XVII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851768 | |
| FA13 (FB18, FA19) | VII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851770 | |
| FA26 | VII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851771 | |
| FA2 (FC7, FC9, FC5, FC8, FC12) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN882276 | |
| FB5 (FB10, FB11, FB23, FC15) | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851772 | |
| FB4 | XV | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851773 | |
| FA4 | XII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863638 | |
| Pane Casareccio di Genzano PGI | GA6 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851774 |
| GA12 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851775 | |
| GA7 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851776 | |
| GA4 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851777 | |
| GB14 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863682 | |
| GA1 (GC11, GC6, GB2, GB11, GC4) | XVIII | Pediococcus pentosaceus (99) | JN851778 | |
| GB5 (GB1, GA10) | VI | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN851779 | |
| GB3 | UC | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN851780 | |
| GC16 | UC | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN851781 | |
| GC3 | VI | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN851782 | |
| GB22 (GB10, GA2, GB19) | VII | L. plantarum (100) | JN863650 | |
| GC1 | VII | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN863651 | |
| Bozza Pratese | HA18 (HB7, HB11, HB19, HB23, HB4, HB12) | XVIII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851783 |
| HA3 (HA19, HC27, HC30, HC5, HC9, HC11, HA23, HB1) | XII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851784 | |
| HA1 (HA4, HA2, HA17) | XII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN851785 | |
| HC23 (HC25) | XI | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863683 | |
| HC26 | XX | Lactobacillus paralimentarius (99) | JN863684 | |
| HB25 | XVI | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863652 | |
| Pane di Altopascio Tradizionale | IA6 (IA13, IC3) | XXI | Lactobacillus gallinarum (99) | JN851786 |
| IA23 | XXII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851787 | |
| IA29 (IA2, IA3a, IC8, IC28) | XVII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851788 | |
| IA1 (IA7, IA3b, IA11b, IC14, IC12, IC6) | XVIII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851789 | |
| IC13 (IC27) | XIII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851790 | |
| IC19a | XIII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851791 | |
| IC7 | XXII | L. gallinarum (99) | JN851792 | |
| IC11 | UC | L sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863685 | |
| Pane di Terni | LC6 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863686 |
| LC9 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863687 | |
| LC12 (LA4, LC25, LA1, LA6, LA3, LA2, LB1, LB2, LB3, LB4, LB18) | XXI | L. plantarum (100) | JN851793 | |
| LB19 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851794 | |
| LC17 | UC | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (99) | JN851795 | |
| LD4 | XXII | Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (99) | JN851796 | |
| LD26 | UC | Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (99) | JN851797 | |
| LD14 | XXI | Lactobacillus brevis (99) | JN863688 | |
| LD11 | UC | Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (99) | JN863653 | |
| Bastone di Padova | MB3 | UC | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN851798 |
| MC2 | XX | L. plantarum (100) | JN851799 | |
| MA1 | XXII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN851800 | |
| MC1 | XVIII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN851801 | |
| MB1 (MA4, MA6, MA7, MA27, MA30, MB4, MB6, MB7, MB8, MB11, MB15, MC7, MC16, MC21, MC22, MC30, MB14) | XXII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN851802 | |
| MC13 | XVIII | L. plantarum (100) | JN863654 | |
| MC5 | XVII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863655 | |
| MC9 | XX | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863656 | |
| Coppia Ferrarese PGI | NA3 (NA4, NB1, NB3, NA8) | XIX | L. plantarum (100) | JN851803 |
| NA2 (NC2, ND3, ND7) | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851804 | |
| NB2 (NB4, NB24) | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851805 | |
| NC4 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851806 | |
| ND25 (NC3, NC6) | XVII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN851807 | |
| ND2 (NA1, NC1, NC7, NC8, ND1, ND4) | VIII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN851808 | |
| NA28 | XIX | L. plantarum (100) | JN863657 | |
| Pane Casereccio Marchigiano | OA28 (OA2, OB4, OB3) | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN851809 |
| OC1 | XXII | L. plantarum (100) | JN851810 | |
| OA1 | XVII | Pediococcus inopinatus (99) | JN851811 | |
| OA19 (OA5, OB7, OB8, OC10, OC17, OA18, OA13) | XXI | P. inopinatus (99) | JN851812 | |
| OC6 | XXII | Lactobacillus casei (99) | JN851813 | |
| OA6 (OB1, OB2) | XVIII | P. inopinatus (99) | JN863658 | |
| OA22 (OC14) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863659 | |
| Pane di Cappelli | PA22 (PA14, PD4) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863689 |
| PB24 (PA24, PD2) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863595 | |
| PC30 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863596 | |
| PB23 (PA23, PD9) | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863597 | |
| PA15 (PC4, PD1) | XVII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863660 | |
| PA16 (PB6) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863661 | |
| PA21 (PD7) | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863662 | |
| PC28 (PB1) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863663 | |
| PC27 (PB3) | II | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863664 | |
| PC23 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863666 | |
| Moddizzosu | QB4 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863598 |
| QB9 (QB12) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863599 | |
| QC1 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863600 | |
| QA22 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863601 | |
| QA23 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863602 | |
| QA1 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863603 | |
| QD2 (QD3, QD5, QD11) | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863604 | |
| QD1 | XVII | L. brevis (99) | JN863690 | |
| QA16 | UC | Pediococcus argentinicus (99) | JN863605 | |
| QB24 (QB2) | UC | Lactobacillus rossiae (99) | JN863606 | |
| QB5 | UC | L. rossiae (99) | JN863607 | |
| QA13 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863665 | |
| QC8 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863667 | |
| QC15 | UC | L. rossiae (99) | JN863668 | |
| QC6 | XI | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863669 | |
| QC2 | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863608 | |
| QC27 | UC | L. rossiae (99) | JN863670 | |
| Pane Carasau | RD24 | UC | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN863609 |
| RA1 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863610 | |
| RA11 (RC7, RB2, RB13, RC23, RB7, RB5, RB8) | V | L. plantarum (100) | JN863611 | |
| RA2 (RA25) | XVII | L. plantarum (100) | JN863612 | |
| RC5 | V | P. pentosaceus (99) | JN863614 | |
| RC24 | XVII | Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (99) | JN863615 | |
| RA6 (RC15) | UC | L. brevis (99) | JN863616 | |
| RC2 | UC | W. paramesenteroides (99) | JN863617 | |
| RD9 | UC | Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (99) | JN863618 | |
| RD1 | UCe | L. brevis (99) | JN863619 | |
| RD12 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863613 | |
| RD2 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863671 | |
| RD23 | UC | L. plantarum (100) | JN863672 | |
| Pane nero di Castelvetrano | SA3b (SA7b, SA14, SB1) | IX | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863620 |
| SA22b (SA19, SB5) | XV | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863621 | |
| SC19 (SB2) | XV | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863691 | |
| SC5 (SD13, SB7, SC11a) | IX | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863622 | |
| SC10 (SD7, SB10, SD11b) | XV | Lactobacillus spicheri (99) | JN863623 | |
| SC6 (SC17) | XVII | L. spicheri (99) | JN863624 | |
| SD1 (SD2) | VIII | L. spicheri (99) | JN863625 | |
| SC4 | IX | L. spicheri (99) | JN863673 | |
| SC20 | XXI | L. spicheri (99) | JN863674 | |
| Pane di Lentini | TA22 (TB20, TD2) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863626 |
| TA1 (TA23, TB6, TB17, TA8, TB1, TA6, TD7) | XVIII | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863627 | |
| TC13 (TD1) | UC | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863628 | |
| TC18 | UC | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863629 | |
| TC2 (TD5, TD6) | UC | Lactobacillus namurensis (99) | JN863630 | |
| TC7 | XVIII | L. plantarum (99) | JN863631 | |
| TB18 | UC | L. namurensis (99) | JN863675 | |
| TC4 | UC | L. paralimentarius (99) | JN863676 | |
| TC25 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863677 | |
| Pagnotta del Dittaino PDO | UA21 (UB20, UB22) | X | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863632 |
| UC15 | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863633 | |
| UB17 (UB1, UB2, UB4, UA17, UC6) | UC | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863635 | |
| UA27 | X | Enterococcus durans (99) | JN863634 | |
| UC12 (UA12, UC10, UC16, UC23) | UC | E. durans (99) | JN863678 | |
| UA16 (UA23, UA1, UA5) | UC | E. durans (99) | JN863679 | |
| UA3 | XVII | L. sanfranciscensis (99) | JN863636 |
a
Identification was carried out by 16S rRNA, recA, pheS, or casei/para gene sequencing.
b
Sourdoughs are indicated with the names of the related breads.
c
Where more than one isolate per row is present, the first isolate is the representative one for that strain. The second letter of the isolate name indicates the medium used for the isolation (A, mMRS; B, SDB; C, MRS5; D, glucose-M17).
d
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis was carried out to exclude clonal relatedness. RAPD-PCR cluster. Clusters are numbered with Roman numerals from I to XXIII; UC, unclustered.
e
Species showing the highest identity (%) to the strain isolated from sourdough. The percentage of identity was that shown by performing multiple sequence alignments in BLAST. Ln., Leuconostoc; Lc., Lactococcus.