Table 2. Cohorts with exposure to mixed asbestos fibres: lung cancer and mesothelioma mortality and ratio estimates.

No.	Cohort description (reference)	N	% Male	Smoking adjustment	Total deaths	Lung cancer deaths (OLC)	Lung cancer SMR	Mesothelioma deaths (OM)	Ratio R1	Ratio R2
Mixed (or unspecified) asbestos types
37	Belgian asbestos-cement factory (Lacquet et al, 1980)	1973	100	N	201	17	0.99	1	−0.2	−0.3
38	Devonport dockyard, UK (Rossiter and Coles, 1980)	6292	100	N	1043	84	0.84	31	−0.5	−0.5
39	Danish asbestos-cement factory (Clemmesen and Hjalgrim-Jensen, 1981)	6372	100	N	—	47	1.72	3	6.6	—
40	Pennsylvania textile, USA. Mostly chrysotile, some amosite, small amounts crocidolite (McDonald et al, 1983)	4137	100	N	1392	57	1.05	13	0.2	0.5
41	Ontario cement workers, Canada (Finkelstein, 1984)	535	100	N	108	26	4.89	17	1.2	1.6
42	Swedish rail maintenance (Ohlson et al, 1984)	3297	100	N	925	37	1.16	5	1.0	3.0
43	Pearl Harbour naval shipyard, USA (Kolonel et al, 1985)	5191	100	C	668	122	1.09	8	1.2	0.7
44	Paray-Le-Monial cement factory, France (Alies-Patin and Valleron, 1985)	1506	100	N	206	12	2.18	4	1.6	5.8
	German asbestos workers (Woitowitz et al, 1986)		NS	N
45	(a) Exposed before 1972 only	655			71	12	4.62	6	1.6	3.6
46	(b) Exposed before and after 1972	3070			185	26	1.70	6	1.8	2.0
47	Gothenburg shipyard, Sweden (Sanden and Jarvholm, 1987)	3787	100	N	—	11	1.12	4	0.3	—
48	Mixed industry, Johns Manville retirees, USA (Enterline et al, 1987)	1074	100	N	944	77	2.71	8	6.1	20.2
49	Cement, New Orleans Plant 1, USA. Primarily chrysotile, irregular use of amosite and crocidolite (Hughes et al, 1987)	1898	100	C	477	47	1.17	2	3.4	4.0
50	Finnish shipyard workers (Tola et al, 1988)	7775	100	C	—	227	1.18	1	34.9	—
51	Southern Sweden cement workers (Albin et al, 1990)	1465	100	N	592	35	1.80	13	1.2	3.5
52	Asbestos insulation union, USA–Canada (Selikoff and Seidman, 1991)	17 800	100	N	4951	1168	4.35	458	2.0	2.6
53	Italian rail carriage construction (Menegozzo et al, 1993)	1534	100	N	194	28	1.45	5	1.7	1.6
54	Emilia Romagna cement factory, Italy. Chrysotile and 5–50% crocidolite (Giaroli et al, 1994)	3341	100	N	274	33	1.24	6	1.1	1.1
55	Danish Eternit cement factory, 90% chrysotile, amosite and small amounts crocidolite (Raffn et al, 1996)	7996	100	C	1305	104	1.83	10	4.7	10.3
56	East London asbestos workers UK (Berry et al, 2000) of which:	5100		N	1237	233	3.03	100	1.6	2.0
57	As for 56: East London laggers	1400	100	N	—	38	3.67	13	2.1	—
58	As for 56: East London men	3000	100	N	—	157	2.55	60	1.6	—
59	As for 56: East London women	700	0	N	—	37	7.46	25	1.3	—
60	Genoa shipyard, Italy (Puntoni et al, 2001)	3984	100	C	2376	298	1.77	60	2.2	2.8
61	Lithuania cement, Naujoji Akmeme Lithuania (Smailyte et al, 2004)	2498	69	N	450	38	1.40	1	10.9	17.5
62	Ontario pipe trade, Canada (Finkelstein and Verma, 2004)	25 285	100	N	2876	393	1.23	8	9.1	8.0
63	US Coast Guard shipyard workers (Krstev et al, 2007)	4702	94	N	3331	314	1.26	6	11.0	14.4
64	Grugliasco textile Italy. Mixed asbestos with crocidolite (Pira et al, 2007)	1966	45	N	730	109	3.11	68	1.1	1.8
65	Breda Pistoia railway rolling factory, Italy (Gasparrini et al, 2008)	1146	100	N	1080	132	1.36	16	2.2	2.3
	Great Britain Asbestos Survey (Harding, 2010)
66	Men	94 403	100	C	14 677	1802	1.28a	631	0.6	0.6
67	Women	4509	0		880	84	1.29a	18	1.1	1.4
68	Japanese shipyard (laggers and boiler repairers) (Tomioka et al, 2011)	249	100	C	158	15	1.97	1	7.4	14.5

Abbreviations: A=adjusted; C=smoking prevalence in cohort comparable to the general population; N=none or not mentioned; SMR=standardised mortality ratio.

^aProportional mortality ratio reported rather than SMR.