Table 3.
Course participants' answers to knowledge, skills, attitudes, intentions and behavior items, mean (SD)*
| Pre-course† | Post-course† | Follow-up† | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. I have the feeling that currently I know what to do in case I will be involved in an incident. | 1.10 (0.43) | 1.35 (0.43) | p = 0.003‡ | |
| 2. I have the feeling that currently I am having sufficient knowledge to improve patient safety at my department. | 1.06 (0.47) | 1.30 (0.30) | p = 0.019‡ | |
| 3. Because of the course I am more able to signal unsafe situations. | 1.55 (0.82) | § | ||
| 4. Because of the course I can recognize that multiple factors contribute to an incident. | 1.85 (0.53) | § | ||
| 5. During the course I learned how to analyze incidents systematically. | 1.80 (0.61) | § | ||
| Do you consider the following events worth a report? | ||||
| 6. You bring the wrong patient to the operating room, you notice your mistake in time and pick up the right person. | 0.82 (0.92) | 1.07 (0.99) | 1.27 (0.87) | p = 0.009¶ |
| 7. At the start of your shift you notice that Mr. B's heparin pump is adjusted too high. | 1.68 (0.64) | 1.74 (0.58) | 1.75 (0.58) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 8. You requested with high speed the results of a laboratorial test but you received them much too late. | 1.23 (0.86) | 1.47 (0.77) | 1.36 (0.78) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 9. The treatment policy of Mrs. X changed, but so far there is no notification of this in her status. | 1.07 (0.87) | 1.56 (0.77) | 1.39 (0.78) | p < 0.001¶ |
| 10. You notice that the ampoules are not placed as usual, you were not informed about a change in policy. | 0.68 (0.83) | 1.02 (0.94) | 1.02 (0.87) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 11. On hindsight it became clear that the diagnosis of Mr. M was wrong, the patient did not experience any disadvantages. | 0.55 (0.73) | 1.05 (0.90) | 0.84 (0.83) | p = 0.004¶ |
| 12. Do you think it is important for residents to report medical incidents without harm for the patient(s)? | 1.86 (0.35) | 1.88 (0.39) | 1.91 (0.36) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 13. Do you think it is important for residents to report medical incidents with harm for the patient(s)? | 1.98 (0.15) | 1.95 (0.21) | 1.98 (0.15) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 14. Are you seriously considering reporting medical incidents within the next six months? | 1.84 (0.43) | 1.88 (0.39) | 1.82 (0.95) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 15. Are you planning to start reporting within the next month?# | 1.43 (0.84) | 1.66 (0.80) | 1.52 (0.79) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 16. Have you reported a medical incident within the last six months? | 0.88 (0.99) | 0.93 (0.99) | 0.95 (1.01) | p > 0.05¶ |
| 17. If you have, how many incidents did you report within the last six months?** | 1-14 | 1-6 | 1-7 | p = |
| 2-1 | 2-9 | 2-6 | 0.002¶ | |
| 4-1 | 3-3 | |||
| 5-2 | 4-3 | |||
| 7-1 | 5-1 |
*Not all residents who responded to the questionnaire filled out all items. The response rate per item varied between 40 (91%) and 44 (100%).
†Item 1&2: 0 = Strongly disagree; 2 = Strongly agree. Item 3-16: 0 = No; 2 = Yes.
‡Measured using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.
§Not applicable.
¶Measured over all three measurements at once using the Friedman Test.
#Answers included only those respondents who, at the first measurement, declared not to have reported an incident within the last six months (item 11).
**Number of incidents - number of residents.